Quick Introduction of Structures Organic Chemistry Functional Groups Quick Introduction of Structures Questions What functional groups are found in proteins? What functional groups are found in the structure of melatonin? What functional groups are present in carbohydrates? What is the structure of the functional group and the condensed formula for 4,4,5-triethyl 3-heptanol and 3,4,5-triethyl octanal? What reactants combine to form 3-chlorooctane? How can I draw the following amines: butan-1-amine, pentan-2-amine, propan-1,2-diamine? What is N-(2,2,2-Trichloroethyl)carbonyl] Bisnor-(cis)-tilidine's functional group? What should I start learning after learning the basics of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes? Write structural formula(condensed) for all the primary , secondary and tertiary haloalkanes with formula of C4H9Br and all the carboxylic acids and esters with molecular formula C4H8O2 and also all secondary alcohols with molecular formula C5H120? An alcohol has the molecular formula C4H10O write the structural formulae of the isomers to show chain isomerism? How do you write out the mechanism for the reaction of #"C"_5"H"_11"OH"# with hot sulfuric acid to determine which option gives the greatest number of isomeric alkenes? Would cyclohexanone be a methyl ketone? How would you explain the structural difference between a aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, and an ester? What is an example of a ketone? How would you convert an aldehyde to a ketone? What is the general molecular formula for a ketone? How would you make a ketone from the aldehyde: cyclohexanecarbaldehyde? What is a methyl ketone? How would you convert a ketone to an aldehyde? What is a non-conjugate ketone and what is a conjugate ketone? What is an alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone? Which is a better electrophile: aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids? What happens when a ketone is mixed with NaOH? Why is the boiling point of alcohol greater than that of ketones and aldehydes? Why are ketones more water-soluble than hydrocarbons? What is the difference between a ketone and a carbonyl? What Functional groups are present in #C_6H_11NO_2# - Cycloleucine? What are functional groups? Why is it logical and useful to classify organic compounds according to their functional groups? How do you identify whether a functional group is acidic or basic? For example, which of these functional groups are acidic and which are basic? - Hydroxyl - Carbonyl - Carboxyl - Amino - Sulfhydryl - Phosphate What are the functional groups of an amino acid? What are the the functional groups for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins? What functional group improves the solubility of molecules? What functional group involves the transfer of energy? What functional group resembles a hydroxyl group? What is the functional group contained in the compound #CH_3CH_2COOH#? What is the main functional group present in acetone (propanone)? What is the functional group of an aldehyde? What functional groups are present in the antibiotic penicillin? Which functional groups are not able to form hydrogen bonds and why? What is the functional group contained in the compound #CH_3-CH_2-NH_2#? Is #H_2N# the amino functional group? What is the functional group of alkane and alkene? What are the functional groups of DNA? How do functional groups work? How are functional groups important? What are the functional groups in lorazepam? What are the function groups of aspirin? What does the R stand for in functional groups? What are the functional groups in vitamin C? What functional group is in ethyl butyrate? What functional group is present in all carbohydrates? Which atoms does a hydroxyl functional group contain? What functional groups are present in the compound #CH_3NH_2#? What is the functional group contained in the compound #CH_3CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3#? What are the functional groups of Glycine, Formic acid and Acetic Acid.? How do you draw methyl ethyl amine? What are amine salts? Of 2-methyl-2-butanamine and ethypropylamine, which has the highest boiling point and why? What is the difference between primary and secondary amines? Amines and amides both contain which element? What is the difference between amino group and amine? Amines are organic compounds that contain what? What is the product of adding an amine (#RNH_2#) to #HCl#? What is the order of increasing nucleophilic addition reactivity- CH3COCH3, C6H5COCH3, CH3CHO? What is an aldehyde? What are aldehydes and ketones? How do aldehydes form? How do aldehydes kill bacteria? How do aldehydes oxidize? How do aldehydes smell? How do you make aldehyde? What are examples of aldehydes? Why is formaldehyde an aldehyde? Why is glucose an aldehyde? How are aldehydes distinguished from ketones? How are aldehydes and ketones alike? How are aldehydes and ketones similar? How are aldehydes different from ketones? How can aldehydes and ketones be prepared in the laboratory? How can aldehydes and ketones be distinguished from one another? How can aldehydes and ketones be produced from alcohols? How do aldehyde and ketone structures differ? How do aldehydes affect bacteria? How do aldehydes and ketones differ? How do aldehydes and ketones differ from alcohol? How do aldehydes differ from ketones? How does an aldehyde sugar differ from a ketone sugar? How do you make aldehyde from carboxylic acid? What aldehydes and ketones are water soluble? What are some examples of aldehydes? Why are aldehydes easily oxidized? Why are aldehydes easily oxidized compared to ketones? Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones? Why is aldehyde a reducing agent? Why is aldehyde hydrogen not acidic? Why is aldehyde soluble in water? Why are ketones in dka? Why can't ketones be oxidised? Why might some ketones be dangerous? What are some examples of ketones? How do ketones work? How can you test for ketones? How do ketones form? How can ketones cause acidosis? How are ketones made? How do ketones smell? What is a primary, secondary, and tertiary halide? What is the difference between vinylic and aryl halide? In Friedel Crafts alkenylation, an alkyl halide + lewis acid + water + benzene ring is needed, however what would happen if it was just alkyl halide + lewis acid + water? Why must the crude alkyl halide product be dried carefully with anhydrous #CaCl_2# before distillation? Why must the alkyl halide product be dried carefully with anhydrous calcium chloride before distillation? What is the reaction between alkyl halide and zinc called? Why does the alkyl halide layer switch from a top layer to a bottom when #H_2O# is used to extract organic layer? Are these halides primary, secondary or tertiary? How is this determined? How do you convert an alkyl halide to alcohol? A student left some alkyl halides (RCl and RBr) in an open container for several minutes. What happened to the composition of the halide mixture during that time? Why is is possible to convert alkyl halides to alcohols with NaOH but the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides with NaCl is not possible? What is the major product of the Stork enamine synthesis, that is, the reaction of cyclopentanone with pyrrolidine, heat, #CH_3CH_2Br#, #H^+#, and #H_2O#? When an amide is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, what are the products? What are the differences between an amine, amide and imine? What is the product of adding an amine (#RNH_2#) to #HCl#? What about #ArOH+NaHCO_3+NaOH#? What products are formed when an imine is reacted with #HCl# and #H_2O#? How would you draw the skeletal structure of the product you would expect to result from the following reaction? What is a more substituted carbon from a less substituted carbon? What does substituted mean? What is the product of a specific semicarbazide reaction? What class of organic compounds results when cyclopentanone reacts with ethylamine in the presence of trace acid? How is acetophenone phenylhydrazone catalyzed into 2-phenylindole? How do you do a retrosynthesis of {2-[1-(4-bromophenyl)-1-phenylethoxy]ethyl}dimethylamine? Why in formaldehyde (#CH_2O#) are hydrogens attached to the Carbon atom and not oxygen? Product of cyclohexanone/benzaldehyde with a substituted amine? #CaH_2(s) + 2 H_2O(l)= Ca(OH)_2(aq) + 2 H_2(g)# How many grams of CaH2 are needed to generate 10.0 L of H2 gas if the pressure of H2 is 720. torr at 16°C? What is the formula of the hydride formed by krypton? What are the products of the reaction between the Hydride Ion (#H^-#) with water? What are the products of solid lithium hydride (#LiH#) added to water? How many molar equivalents of hydride does sodium borohydride contain? When does a hydride shift occur? What is Sodium Hydride and what are its uses? Calcium hydride reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (aqueous) and hydrogen gas. How would you write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction? How many grams of calcium hydride are needed to form 4.600 of hydrogen? Which alcohol reacts more readily with sodium metal: primary, secondary or tertiary? Why? When 1 mol of #NaBH_4# is used to reduce a ketone, how many moles of Hydride is used? How do you determine this? Why does Potassium Carbonate work as a base for the Williamson Ether Synthesis? How would you differentiate between ethanol and ethanoic acid? How can 2-propyn-1-ol be made from ethane and formaldehyde? Given the following information, why don't chemists just use butyllithium itself to deprotonate the aldehyde or ketone and form the enolate? What class of compound is #CH3CH2O-Na^+#? At what position will electrophilic aromatic substitution occur for the following compounds? Which is the most reactive and least reactive? When pyrrole undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution, at which position does substitution occur? What is the expected outcome from the electrophilic substitution of chlorobenzene with HNO3/H2SO4 and heat? What is the role of acetic acid in a bromination reaction with anisole? What are the theory, conditions, and examples of electrophilic aromatic substitution? Is nitrobenzene more reactive than benzoic acid for electrophilic substitution? Explain why the trifluoromethyl (#CF_3#) group is meta directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution. What would you expect #CF_3# to be activating or deactivating? Why? Can some one PLEASE help me!!!!! Thanks? Which molecules will undergo aromatic bromination (#"Br"_2, "FeBr"_3#) the fastest? Why? What is the difference between nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic addition? What is the major product expected from the electrophilic substitution of bromobenzene with #HNO_3##/##H_2SO_4#? The chemical store has benzene and Aluminium chloride. Which aliphatic halogen compounds would you use to prepare the following by a Friedel-Crafts reaction? Once phenol is nitrated, would the major organic product formed be: ortho, meta, para or a combination? Under what reaction conditions does the electrophilic bromination of aromatic compounds usually occur? In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, why is the the hydroxyl group an o,p-director? Why is there a difference in the reactivity of these two compounds? What is the electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism? How would you explain the electrophilic aromatic substitution with a diagram of a reaction mechanism? What is electrophilic aromatic substitution used for? Why is phenol more reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitutions? Why do secondary haloalkanes give poor yields with the Williamson ether synthesis? How do you perform a Williamson ether synthesis? Is Williamson Ether Synthesis an oxidation or reduction reaction? Is Williamson Ether Synthesis reversible? Is Williamson Ether Synthesis an SN1 or SN2 reaction? What is a Williamson Ether Synthesis reaction? Why are some epoxides toxic? Why are epoxides so reactive? Why are epoxides important? What opens epoxides? What forms epoxides? What do epoxides do? What are epoxides used for? How do chemists make epoxides? How are epoxides formed? How do epoxides react? Why are chlorides soluble? What is chloride's charge? What chlorides are soluble? What chlorides are insoluble? What causes chlorides in water? How do chloride ions form? How are chlorides made? How do chlorides react with water? How does a chloride ion differ from a chlorine atom? How does cyanogen chloride differ from hydrogen cyanide? How does hydrogen chloride differ from hydrochloric acid? How does sodium chloride differ from sodium and chlorine? What metal chlorides are insoluble? Why are acid chlorides so reactive? Why are acyl chlorides more reactive? Why are acyl chlorides so reactive? Why are chlorides soluble in water? Why is chloride important in water? What is benzylic carbon? What is a benzylic carbon atom? How can one identify benzylic carbons? What is ammonolysis? What is a peptide bond? How do peptide bonds form? Why are amides more resistant to hydrolysis than esters? What will the hydrolysis of an amide in HCl will produce? What does the hydrolysis of an amide under basic conditions produce? What are the reactions for amines and amides? What is the base catalyzed amide hydrolysis mechanism? When an amide is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, what are the products? What is the process of hydrolysis? What is the chemical reaction involved in hydrolysis of acetamide? How does a tenderizer of meat work considering hydrolysis of the amide bond? When an amide is hydrolyzed under basic conditions, what are the products? What is the mechanism for the hydrolysis of an anhydride into a carboxylic acid using HCl as a catalyst? What is the definition of hydrolysis and is it pH dependent? Why or why not? Is the peptide bond easily broken? Why would this be important? What does hydrolysis of an amide using an acid catalyst produce? What is the product of acetamide and sodium hydroxide? What are the differences between hydration, hydrolysis and condensation? Is hydrolysis exothermic or endothermic? What are the products of the acid hydrolysis of an ester? How are peptide bond formed? What is peptide bond formation? Why does the protonation of an amide occur at O rather than N? How does an enzyme convert a dipeptide into two separate amino acids? How does a hydrolysis reaction separate a polymer into its monomers? What property (or test) differentiates amide from ester? What reaction results in the formation of an amide? Why can't tertiary amines form amides with carboxylic acids? What makes a thioester more reactive (towards nucleophiles) than an ester? Is the amount of #Na(OH)# with respect to amide in hydrolysis important? What is alkyl chloride? How many alkyl chlorides can be obtained from monochlorination? How do you reduce aromatic rings? How do you determine if a compound has an aromatic ring? How does an aromatic ring affect the stability of the anionic conjugate base? How do you count pi electrons in aromatic rings? What gives aromatic rings its stability? Why are aromatic rings hydrophobic? Why do aromatic rings absorb light? Why do aromatic rings absorb uv light ? Why do aromatic rings undergo substitution? Why is the nitration of aromatic rings a useful reaction? Why are imines important? Why are imines colored? Why are imines brightly colored? How can you reduce imines? How do chemists make imines? How do you form imines? How are imines formed? How do you draw enols? How can you make enols? What are enols and enolates? Why are enols unstable? How are anhydrides formed? How co you find anhydrides? How do chemists synthesize anhydrides? What are acid anhydrides? What are base anhydrides? What are mixed anhydrides? Why are acid anhydrides acidic? Why is anhydride reactive? How are acid anhydrides related to carboxylic acids? How do anhydrides react with water? How do you name unsymmetrical anhydrides? What are acid anhydrides used for? Why does H bind to the first Carbon, i know that H binds to the C that already has more H's attached to it. But i still dont get it because the first Carbon has only two hydrogens? What are the properties of 1-propanol? What is a secondary alcohol? What is the equation for the reaction with Butan-1-ol with [o] acidified #K_2Cr_2O_7#? Is methanol a primary alcohol? Can primary alcohols be oxidized to form either aldehydes or ketones? What does the oxidation of a primary alcohol produce? Why can only the tertiary and secondary alcohol react in Lucas reagent? What is the compound 2-propanol classified as? Why is cyclohexanol a secondary alcohol? Among primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and tertiary alcohol, which is more acidic? Why? If a primary alcohol is oxidized, what type of molecule does it become? Esters contribute which property to fruits? Why does dehydration of 1-butanol, a primary alcohol, yield 3 products? ] Oxidizing a primary alcohol in the presence of a strong oxidizing agent produces a what acid? Why are primary alcohols important? What is a primary alcohol? What does primary alcohol mean? How do you reduce a primary alcohol? How do you oxidize a primary alcohol? How do you make primary alcohols? How do you convert primary alcohol to aldehyde? How do you make primary alcohol from an alkene? How do you oxidize primary alcohol to form an aldehyde? How can you synthesize primary alcohol? How do you turn a primary alcohol into an aldehyde? What are examples of primary alcohols? What are primary alcohols oxidized to form? What can primary alcohols be oxidized into? What are primary and secondary alcohols? Why does fructose give a tollens' test? What is Tollen's test used for? What does Tollens' test do? What is a Tollens' test? How does Tollens' test works? How is a positive Tollens' test identified? How is a positive Tollens' test recognized? How do you carry out Tollens' reagent test? What are beta lactams? How does beta lactamase work? How do beta lactam antibiotics kill bacteria? How do bacteria become resistant to beta lactams? How do beta lactamase inhibitors work? What are examples of beta lactam antibiotics? Why is MRSA resistant to beta lactams? Why was the reaction mixture extracted with sodium carbonate in a Fischer esterification reaction? Why is absolute ethanol rather than 95% ethanol used in an experiment for the preparation of Benzocaine? What is the role of abs. ethanol in Fischer Esterification to produce Benzocaine? What is the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed esterification of formic acid and 2-butanol? What is a Halogen and a Halide? What are Halides? What is a halide? Why is benzene reluctant to undergo addition reactions? Why is benzene resistant to addition reactions? Why are cycloalkanes useful? Why are cycloalkanes unreactive? What uses do cycloalkanes have? What are cycloalkane rings? What are cycloalkanes used for? How do you number cycloalkanes? How do you draw cycloalkanes? How do you count carbons on cycloalkanes? How are cycloalkanes different from aromatic compounds? How many cycloalkane isomers exist of #C_6H_12#? What are some examples of cycloalkanes? What does a cycloalkane look like? What is a cycloalkane in chemistry? Why are cycloalkanes used as fuels? What are #(1)# the reaction mechanism for 1-hexene reacting with #"H"_2"O"# with catalytic #"H"_2"SO"_4# and #(2)# the reaction of cyclopentene with #"H"_2# in the presence of #"Ni"#? Question #d6eac What are alkyl halides? What are some examples of halogens? What are halides? What are some examples of them? What is the difference between vinylic and aryl halide? The hydrogen halides of HCl, HBr and HI are all considered strong acids. However, HF is a weak acid. What factor is most responsible for this difference? What is an example of an organic halide? Why does #HBr# have a higher boiling point than #HCl#? Why do primary alkyl halides typically undergo SN2 substitution reactions more rapidly? Which of the beryllium halides, if any, are considered ionic compounds? What is the order of halogens in oxidzing strength? There are 8 isomers that have the molecular formula #C_5H_11Br#. How many of these are primary alkyl bromides? What does halide mean? What are halides used for? What are halides in chemistry? What are halide elements? What are examples of halides? How do you remove halides from a chemical equation? How do you make halides? How many halides are there? How halides are formed? How do silver halides work? How do metal halides work? How do halides form? How can halides be tested for? Why are ketones bad? What are keytones? What does ketones trace mean? Why do diabetics have the fruity smell of ketones on their breath? What do ketones smell like? What causes ketones? What is the enol of ethanal? What is an acetaldehyde? What commercial product can be made from carboxylic acid? Which of the following is most soluble in water? If given this balanced equation: #2C_7H_6O + C_3H_6O -> C_17H_14O +2H_2O# Why is the acetone deprotonated and not the benzaldehyde? Why does tautomerization occur? How does tautomerization affect DNA? Is cyclohexene aromatic? Is Benzene an alcohol? What is an aromatic compound? What is the difference between anti-aromatic and non aromatic compounds? If pyridine and pyrimidine are both aromatic compounds, how many elctrons does each nirtogen atom contribute to the electron cloud of each compound? What are aromatic and aliphatic compounds? What are the general reactions of the heterocyclic compounds? What is the difference between aliphatic and aromatic compounds? What are 2 inorganic aromatic compounds? Is styrene considered an aromatic? There are several aromatic compounds with the formula #C_8H_9Cl#. What are three that have a disubstituted ring where the chlorine is not attached to the ring? How do you name and draw 5 compounds that have the formula #C_7H_7Br#? Why isn't cyclopropene aromatic? Besides vanillin, other fragrant aromatic compounds include anisaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and coumarin. How would you predict where bromination would take place in these structures? Why do aromatic compounds smell? What are aromatic compounds? What are non-aromatic compounds? What are antiaromatic compounds? How did aromatic compounds get their name? How do you count pi electrons in aromatic compounds? How would you define aromatic compounds? What aromatic compounds are used in mothballs? Why are some aromatic compounds carcinogenic? Why are aromatic compounds saturated? Why are aromatic compounds stable? How do aromatic compounds burn with sooty flame? Why do aromatic compounds give off a smoky flame? What is t-butylbenzene? What is t-butyl chloride? What is t-butyl hydroquinone? What is t-butyl alcohol? What does t-butyl mean? What is t-butyllithium? Why is t-butyl alcohol soluble in water? What is the Fischer esterification mechanism? What is the aldol condensation mechanism? What is keto-enol tautomerism? How do you explain keto-enol tautomerism? Why is grignard water sensitive? Why is grignard reagent used? Why does a Grignard reaction not react to water? Why is Grignard dry? What is a Grignard reagent? What does Grignard do? What do Grignard reagents do? What can Grignard react with? How do you titrate Grignard reagents? How do you quench a Grignard reagent? How can you form Grignard reagents? How are Grignard reagents formed? How does a Grignard reaction work? How do Grignard reagents work? How do Grignard reagents react? How do you explain Grignard reagents? What are Grignard reactions? How do Grignard reagents react with alcohols? How do grignard reagents react with water? How does water affect a Grignard reaction? How does water affect Grignard reagents? How is grignard reagent prepared? How do Grignard reagent react with an acetone? How can you improve Grignard reactions? How do you make grignard reagent mechanisms? How would you prepare Grignard reagents in a lab? What are Grignard's reagents? How are they prepared? What do Grignard reagents attack? What is a Grignard reagent used for? Why are Grignard reactions important? Why are Grignard reagents prepared in ether? Why are Grignard reagents so reactive? Why do Grignard reactions need to be dry? Why must a Grignard reaction be dry? Why are Grignard reagents strong bases? Why is a Grignard reaction anhydrous? Why is a grignard reaction important? Why is a Grignard reaction sensitive to water? Why is a Grignard reagent a nucleophile? Why is a Grignard reagent a strong base? Why are Grignard reagents prepared in excess? Why is a Grignard reagent so reactive? Why is a Grignard reagent very reactive? Why must grignard reactions be anhydrous? Is #"benzene"# an aromatic species? What about #"cyclohexane"#, #"cyclohexene"#, and #"1.4-cyclohexadiene"#? What is the requirement for #"aromaticity"#? Why is cyclohexane non-aromatic? Hi, how do you complete a chemical equation involving Propane e.g C3H8 and Heptane C7H16? What is the name of #HC(=O)OCH(CH_3)_2#? Question #3e137 Why can't you have 2,2-dinitrobenzene ? What is the structure of #"2-methylpentanaldehyde"#? What is the 3D structural diagram for cycloheptane? Question #85ebf What is an example of a volatile amine? Question #146ea Functional Groups View all chapters Quick Introduction of Structures Memorization Tips and Tricks Next