#K_(sp)# is called solubility product constant, or simply solubility product. In general, the solubility product of a compound represents the product of molar concentrations of ions raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients in the equilibrium reaction.
Here's an example to better demonstrate the concept. Let's consider the saturated solution of silver chloride (#AgCl#), where an equilibrium exists between the dissolved ions and undissolved silver chloride according to the following reaction:
Since this is an equilibrium reaction, we can write the equilibrium constant for it:
#K = ([Ag^(+)]*[Cl^(-)])/([AgCl])#. Now, the concentrations of solids are either unknown or assumed to be constant, so this reaction becomes
#K * [AgCl] = K_(sp) = [Ag^(+)]*[Cl^(-)]#
The magnitude of #K_(sp)# directly indicates the solubility of the salt in water, since #K_(sp)# is derived from the concentrations of ions in equilibrium reactions. Thus, higher concentrations of ions mean greater solubility of the salt.
When trying to write the equation for #K_(sp)#, you need to know how to break the compound into ions (identify the monoatomic and polyatomic ions), how many moles of each ion are formed, and the charge on each ion.
