Question

A) Identify the amine functional group from the compound? B) Identify the alcohol functional group from the compound?

Answer 1

These are just functional groups you'll have to know and memorize.

`(1)` is a hydroxy group, i.e. alcohol functional group.
`(2)` is a benzene ring. If attached to something else, it could be called a phenyl group, `"Ph"-`, or `"C"_6"H"_5-`.
`(3)` is a secondary amine group.
`(4)` is an acyl group, seen in ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acyl chlorides, anhydrides, and esters. Get to know this group.

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An amine group is `-"NR"_2`, where `R` can be alkyl, aryl, etc. So, you could have

• `-stackrel("H")stackrel(|)"N"-"H"` (primary amine)
  `color(white)(.,)ddot`

• `-stackrel("R'")stackrel(|)"N"-"H"` (secondary amine)
  `color(white)(.,)ddot`

• `-stackrel("R'")stackrel(|)"N"-"R''"` (tertiary amine)
  `color(white)(.,)ddot`

• `-stackrel("R'")(stackrel(|)("N"^(+)))-"R''"` (quaternary ammonium salt)
  `color(white)(....)|`
  `color(white)(.,)"R'''"`

And an alcohol group could be:

• `-stackrel("H")stackrel(|)"C"-ddot"O"-"H"` (primary alcohol)
  `" "| color(white)(.-)ddot`
  `color(white)(..)"H"`

• `-stackrel("R")stackrel(|)"C"-ddot"O"-"H"` (secondary alcohol)
  `" "| color(white)(.-)ddot`
  `color(white)(..)"H"`

• `-stackrel("R")stackrel(|)"C"-ddot"O"-"H"` (tertiary alcohol)
  `" "| color(white)(.-)ddot`
  `color(white)(..)"R'"`

Of course, all of these bond angles are based on the tetrahedral electron geometry.