In P_4P4 the electron density is shared equally between all of the atoms of Phosphorus leaving all them with zero oxidation state.
In HPO_2HPO2 Phosphorus has a charge of +3
H = 1 xx H = 1 xx + 1 = +1H=1×H=1×+1=+1
O_2 = 2 xx O = 2 xx -2 = -4 O2=2×O=2×−2=−4
+1 + P + -4 = 0+1+P+−4=0 ( a compound always = 0)
P +1 -4 = 0P+1−4=0
P - 3 = 0 P−3=0 adding 3 to both sides gives
P = +3 P=+3
In Li_3PO_3Li3PO3 P has a charge of +3
Li_3 = 3 xx Li = 3 xx + 1 = +3Li3=3×Li=3×+1=+3
O_3 = 3 xx O = 3 xx -2 = -6 O3=3×O=3×−2=−6
+3 + P + (-6) = 0 +3+P+(−6)=0
P + 3 -6 = 0P+3−6=0
P - 3 = 0P−3=0 adding 3 to both sides gives
P = +3 P=+3
In H_3 P O_4H3PO4 P has a charge of +5
H_3 = 3 xx H = 3 xx +1 = +3 H3=3×H=3×+1=+3
O_4 = 4 xx O = 4 xx -2 = -8 O4=4×O=4×−2=−8
+ 3 + P + (-8) = 0+3+P+(−8)=0
P + 3 -8 = 0 P+3−8=0
P -5 = 0 P−5=0 adding five to both sides gives
P = +5P=+5
in PH_3PH3 P = -3
H_3 = 3 xx H = 3 xx +1 = +3H3=3×H=3×+1=+3 so
P + 3 = 0 P+3=0 subtract 3 from both sides gives
P = -3 P=−3
All the other compounds give species of phosphorus that have non-zero oxidation state.Only phosphorus in elemental phosphorus has zero oxidation state .
