Question

Question #d9a65

Answer 1

There were several. Good references abound, and don't take too long to read. See those provided below:

Explanation:

Excellent course review. Conclusions at the end:
http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist111/unit2WWII.html

Short summary:
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/effectww2.html