#(1)# First split up the number into the product of two numbers ensuring one of them is a prime number
#50=color(red)(2)xx25#
#(2)#the non prime number split up again, repeat until all the factors are prime numbers
#50=color(red)(2)xxcolor(red)(5)xxcolor(red)(5)#
so we have
#50=2xx5xx5=2xx5^2#