First, add #color(red)(1)# to each side of the equation to isolate the #p# term while keeping the equation balanced:
#2p^2 - 1 + color(red)(1) = 161 + color(red)(1)#
#2p^2 - 0 = 162#
#2p^2 = 162#
Now, divide each side of the equation by #color(red)(2)# to isolate the #p^2# while keeping the equation balanced:
#(2p^2)/color(red)(2) = 162/color(red)(2)#
#(color(red)(cancel(color(black)(2)))p^2)/cancel(color(red)(2)) = 81#
#p^2 = 81#
Now, take the square root of each side of the equation to solve for #p# while keeping the equation balanced. Remember, the square root of a number provides both a positive and negative result:
#sqrt(p^2) = +-sqrt(81)#
#p = +-9#
Or
#p = {-9, 9}#