Let #log_2 x = a#. Then #log_x 2 = 1/a#. Thus we have # a+1/a = 10/3 implies a^2-10/3 a +1 = 0# # implies (a-3)(a-1/3) = 0#
So the values for #log_2 x# and #log_2 y# (the latter obviously satisfies the same quadratic equation) belong to the set #{3,1/3}#.
Since #x ne y#, one of the two logarithms is 3 and the other must be #1/3#. Thus one of #x# or #y# must be #2^3 = 8#, while the other one must be #2^{1/3} = root{3}{2}#.