Chemistry

Featured Answers

Introduction

• What Is Chemistry?
• Scientific Method

Measurement

• Quantitative and Qualitative
• Units of Measurement
• Unit Conversions
• Temperature Scales
• SI System of Measurement
• Significant Figures
• Scientific Notation
• Accuracy, Precision, and Percent Error
• Density
• Graphing: independent and dependent variables
• Drawing Graphs

Matter

• What is Matter?
• Everything is Made of Atoms
• Elements
• Phase Changes
• Separating Mixtures
• Physical and Chemical Changes
• Basic Atomic Structure
• Atomic Number
• Isotopes
• Atomic Mass
• Phases of Matter
• Compounds
• Mixtures
• Mass Number
• Net Charge

The Periodic Table

• The Periodic Table
• Metals and Nonmetals
• Periodic Trends in Atomic Size
• Periodic Trends in Ionic Size
• Periodic Trends in Ionization Energy
• Periodic Trends in Electronegativity
• Periodic Trends in Electron Affinity
• Valence Electrons
• Metalloids

Bonding Basics

• Bonding
• Octet Rule
• Electronegativity
• Ionic Bonding
• Properties of ionic, covalent, and metallic compounds
• Covalent Bonding
• Metallic Bonding

Ionic Bonds

• Ionic Bond Formation
• Ionic Compounds
• Polyatomic Ions
• Writing Ionic Formulas
• Naming Ionic Compounds
• Ionic vs. Molecular Bonds
• Covalent compounds
• Metallic Compounds

Covalent Bonds

• Covalent Bond Formation
• Covalent Formulas and Nomenclature
• Drawing Lewis Structures
• Resonance
• VSEPR

Intermolecular Bonding

• Intermolecular Bonds
• Polarity of Bonds
• Polarity of Molecules
• Hydrogen Bonds
• Dipole-Dipole Interactions
• Van der Waals Interactions
• Properties of Intermolecular Bonds

A Closer Look at The Atom

• Atomic Models
• Mass Conservation
• Laws of Proportions
• Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
• Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment
• Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
• Discovery of the Neutron

Bohr Model of the Atom

• Transverse waves
• Light and Electromagnetic Radiation
• Calculations with wavelength and frequency
• Planck's constant
• Atoms and Electromagnetic Spectra
• Excited States and Ground States
• Bohr Model of the atom

Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom

• The Dual Nature of Light
• DeBroglie: Wave Characteristics of Matter
• Orbitals, and Probability Patterns
• Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Electron Configuration

• s,p,d,f Orbitals
• Noble Gas Shorthand
• Quantum Numbers
• Valence Electrons
• Electron Configuration

Molecular Orbital Theory

• Molecular Orbital Theory
• Sigma Bonds
• Molecular Geometry
• Bonding and Antibonding Orbitals
• Orbital Hybridization
• Pi Bonds

Chemical Reactions

• Review of Elements and Compounds
• Chemical and Physical Properties
• Chemical Equations
• Balancing Chemical Equations
• Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Synthesis Reactions
• Decomposition Reactions
• Single Replacement Reactions
• Double Replacement Reactions
• Redox Reactions

The Mole Concept

• The Mole
• Determining Formula
• Percent Composition
• Empirical and Molecular Formulas

Stoichiometry

• Stoichiometry
• Mole Ratios
• Equation Stoichiometry
• Limiting Reagent
• Percent Yield

Phases of Matter

• Phases of Matter
• Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
• Intermolecular Forces of Attraction
• How Intermolecular Forces Affect Phases of Matter
• Changes of State
• Dynamic Equilibrium
• Vapor Pressure and Boiling
• Phase Diagrams

Gases

• Kinetic Theory of Gases
• Gas Pressure
• Measuring Gas Pressure
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Absolute Zero
• Gas Laws
• Ideal Gas Law
• Molar Volume of a Gas
• Gas Stoichiometry
• Partial Pressure
• Boyle's Law
• Charles' Law
• Avogadro's Law
• Gay Lussac's Law
• Combined Gas Law
• Preparation and Reactions of Gases

Solutions

• Solutions
• Solution Formation
• Solvation and Dissociation
• Saturated and Supersaturated Solutions
• Measuring Concentration
• Molarity
• Molality
• Percent Concentration
• Dilution Calculations
• Factors Affecting Solubility
• Solubility Graphs
• Colligative Properties
• Separating Mixtures
• Osmolarity
• Solute
• Solvent
• Solving Using PPM (Parts Per Million)

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of Reactions
• Collision Theory
• Potential Energy Diagrams
• Rate Law

Chemical Equilibrium

• Dynamic Equilibrium
• Equilibrium Constants
• Equilibrium Stoichiometry
• Le Chatelier's principle
• Solubility Equilbria
• Ksp
• Kep

Acids and Bases

• Acids and Bases
• Properties of Acids and Bases
• Arrhenius Acids and Bases
• pH
• pH calculations
• Intermolecular Forces of Attraction
• Stoichiometry with Acid and Base Dissociation
• Conjugate Acids and Conjugate Bases
• Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases
• Lewis Acids and Bases

Reactions in Solution

• Reactions Between Ions in Solutions
• Stoichiometry of Reactions Between Ions in Solutions
• Neutralization
• Titration Calculations
• Buffer Theory
• Buffer Calculations

Thermochemistry

• Energy Change in Reactions
• Enthalpy
• Exothermic processes
• Specific Heat
• Calorimetry
• Thermochemistry of Phase Changes
• Thermochemistry with Equation Stoichiometry
• Hess' Law
• Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous Processes
• Entropy
• Gibbs Free Energy
• Endothermic processes
• Born-Haber Cycle - Formation
• Born-Haber Cycle - Solution

Electrochemistry

• Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
• Oxidation Numbers
• Balancing Redox Equations Using the Oxidation Number Method
• Metal Activity Series
• Galvanic Cells
• Electrolysis
• Calculating Energy in Electrochemical Processes

Nuclear Chemistry

• Nuclear Chemistry
• Isotope Notation
• Isotope Stability
• Alpha Decay
• Beta Decay
• Positron Decay
• Electron Capture
• Nuclear Equations
• Nuclear Half-Life
• Nuclear Half-Life Calculations
• Nuclear Transmutation
• Fission and Fusion
• Applications of Nuclear Chemistry
• Biological Effects of Radiation

Organic Chemistry

• Introduction to Carbon Chemistry
• Naming Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
• Aromatics
• Functional Groups and Naming
• Biochemical Molecules
• Polymer Chemistry
• Isomerisms

Useful Analysis Tips

• Using Microsoft Excel for Figures and Statistical Analysis
• Using Microsoft Excel to Analyze Data Using Linear Regression
• Correct Use of a Scientific Notation on a Scientific Calculator

Uncategorized Questions

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• How do I determine the molecular shape of a molecule?
• What is the lewis structure for co2?
• What is the lewis structure for hcn?
• How is vsepr used to classify molecules?
• What are the units used for the ideal gas law?
• How does Charle's law relate to breathing?
• What is the ideal gas law constant?
• How do you calculate the ideal gas law constant?
• How do you find density in the ideal gas law?
• Does ideal gas law apply to liquids?
• What is the Charles's law equation?
• How do you graph Charle's law?
• How is ideal gas law derived?
• How do molecular compounds bond?
• How do chemical bonds store energy?
• How do chemical bonds form between atoms?
• How to draw chemical bonding?
• What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
• How do covalent bonds hold atoms together?
• What is a mole and why are moles used?
• What are the different formulas that define a mole?
• How do you calculate the number of moles from concentration?
• How do you calculate the number of moles from molarity and volume?
• How do covalent bonds hold atoms together?
• How do ionic bonds conduct electricity?
• When does covalent bonding occur?
• How do covalent bonds dissolve in water?
• How do covalent bonds conduct electricity?
• When does metallic bonding occur?
• How does metallic bonding affect conductivity?
• How does metallic bonding account for malleability?
• How do you draw the lewis structure for NO2?
• How do you draw the lewis structure for carbon monoxide, or CO?
• How do you draw the lewis structure for ph3?
• What are s,p,d,f orbitals?
• How do you draw s,p,d,f orbitals?
• What is the s,p,d,f configuration of iron?
• What is the s,p,d,f configuration of potassium?
• What is the s,p,d,f configuration of argon?
• What is the s,p,d,f configuration of barium?
• What is the s,p,d,f configuration of Co?
• What covalent bonds are in sulfamic acid and water?
• How many covalent bonds are formed by carbon?
• How do covalent bonds conduct electricity?
• How do polar covalent bonds form?
• What is the ionic bond formation of lithium chloride?
• What is the ionic bond formation of NaCl?
• What is the ionic bond formation of calcium and sulfur?
• What is the ionic bond formation of aluminum and chlorine?
• What is the ionic bond formation sodium chloride?
• What is the ionic bond formation of magnesium chloride?
• What are periodic table groups and what do they represent?
• How is the periodic table arranged?
• What periodic table family is hydrogen in?
• How can the periodic table be used to determine molar mass?
• What pieces of information from the periodic table are needed for isotope notation?
• What is the energy change for the reaction of methane with chlorine?
• How do you calculate the Gibbs Free Energy change of a reaction?
• How do you write an ionic formula given an anion and a cation?
• What is the ionic formula for magnesium oxide?
• What is the ionic formula for sodium carbonate?
• What is the ionic formula for sodium nitrate?
• How do the names of ionic compounds differ from covalent compounds?
• How do you name simple ionic compounds?
• How is the octet rule used in covalent bonding?
• What is the exception to the octet rule with sulfur?
• How does the octet rule determine the charge of an ion?
• How does the octet rule relate to the formation of a bond?
• How do metals obey the octet rule?
• What are the exceptions to octet rule with odd number electrons?
• How can the octet rule be violated?
• What is the exception to the octet rule with aluminum?
• What is the octet rule of oxygen?
• What is the octet rule of nitrogen?
• What is the octet rule of carbon?
• What is the octet rule of sulfur?
• What is the ionic compound name for nh4cl?
• What is the ionic compound name for cacl2?
• What is the ionic compound name for #O_2#?
• What is the ionic compound name for k2s?
• What is the ionic compound name for al2o3?
• What is the valence electron configuration for calcium?
• How do valence electrons affect reactivity?
• How do valence electrons affect bonding?
• How do valence electrons affect living organisms?
• How do valence electron configurations of the alkali metals compare with each other?
• What is the valence electron configuration for halogens?
• What is the valence electron configuration for potassium?
• What is the valence electron configuration for carbon?
• What is the valence electron configuration for phosphorus?
• What is the valence electron configuration for chlorine?
• What is the valence electron configuration for sodium?
• What is the valence electron configuration for neon?
• How is stoichiometry related to enthalpy changes?
• How do you use stoichiometry to convert mass to moles?
• How do you use stoichiometry to convert moles to mass?
• How do you determine the formula of a hydrate?
• How do you determine the formula of an ionic compound?
• How does balancing equations show that matter is conserved?
• What balanced equation represents a chemical change?
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