Welcome to Organic Chemistry
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Definition of 'Chemistry' and 'Organic'
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Brief History of Organic Chemistry
Lewis Structures and Bonding
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Lewis Dot Diagram
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Dipoles
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Covalent Bonds
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Ionic Bonds
Hybridization and Atomic and Molecular Orbitals
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Atomic Orbitals and Periodic Table Relationships
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Molecular Orbitals and Hybridizations
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Drawing Atomic and Molecular Orbitals Diagrams for Molecules
Ways to Draw and Represent Molecules
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Skeletal Structure
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Condensed Structure
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Bond Line Notation
Resonance
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What is Resonance?
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Formal Charge
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Finding Resonance Structures
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Major and Minor Resonance Structures
Functional Groups
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Quick Introduction of Structures
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Memorization Tips and Tricks
Nomenclature
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Introduction to IUPAC Nomenclature
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Naming Carbohydrate
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Naming Functional Groups
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Naming Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
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Naming Aromatics
Newman and Fischer Conformational Analysis
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Sawhorse Projections
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Introduction to Newman Projections
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Newman Projection to Bond line Notation
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Bond Line Notation to Newman Projection
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Introduction to Fisher Projections
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Fischer Projection to Bond Line View
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Bond Line View to Fischer Projection
Cyclohexanes
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Drawing Cyclohexanes in Boat and Chair Conformations
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Axial and Equatorial Bonds
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Cyclohexane Chair Flip
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Conversions Between Molecule View and Chair View
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Steric Strain
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Homodesmotic Reactions
Stereochemistry (R and S), Isomers, and Optical Activity
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Introduction to Chirality and Chiral Centers
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Chiral and Achiral Molecules
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Finding R and S for Chiral Centers
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Finding R and S for Tricky Examples
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Enantiomers
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Diastereomers
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Meso Compounds
E and Z, Cis and Trans Alkenes
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Cis and Trans
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E and Z
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Cis and Trans, E and Z for Cyclic Compounds
Acids and Bases
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Main Characterstics or Lewis/Bronsted Definition
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Factors Determining Strength
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pH, pKa, Ka, pKb, Kb
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
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Electronegativity and Shielding
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Equivalent Hydrogens
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What NMRs Actually Tell Us
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Molecules to NMR
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Identifying Complex Splitting
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NMR to Molecule
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Carbon-13 NMR
Infrared Spectroscopy
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Infrared Spectroscopy
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Mass Spectometry
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Combined Analytical Methods
Alkene and Alkyne Addition Reactions
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Carbocation & Markovnikov's Rule
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Hydrohalogenation
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Halogenation
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Acid Catalyzed Hydration
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Acid Catalyzed Hydro-alkoxy Addition
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Hydration via Hydroboration-Oxidation
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Epoxidation
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Osmylation-OsO4 (Osmium Tetroxide)
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Ozonolysis
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Hydrogenation
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Introduction to Reactions and Mechanisms
Radical Reactions
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Homolytic v Heterolytic Cleavage
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Radical Stability
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Radical Halogenation of Alkanes
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Radical Halogenation of Alkenes (Antimarkovnikov)
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions (SN1 and SN2) and Elimination Reactions (E1 and E2)
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Nucleophile vs. Base Strength
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Leaving Groups
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Polar Protic, Polar Aprotic and Non-Polar Solvents
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SN1 and SN2 Reactions
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Choosing between SN1 and SN2
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E1 and E2 Reactions
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Choosing between E1 and E2
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Comparing and Determing SN1 or SN2 and E1 or E2 reactions
Uncategorized Questions
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Why don't tertiary alkyl halides undergo #"S"_N2# reactions?
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What's the difference between alkanes and alkenes, and what's an example of each?
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Question #16819
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How are ions in a crystal arranged?
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Alkyl halides react with excess ammonia to give what?
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What is the difference between an aldose and a ketose?
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Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain?
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What contains benzene?
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How do benzene rings affect solubility?
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Question #44499
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How many stereoisomers of 2-chloro-3-methylbutane exist?
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Why is the dissolution of sodium chloride in water endothermic?
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Question #3d578
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Question #51e46
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Sugars are what type of organic molecules?
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How to predict hydroboration-oxidation?
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What is ethyl acetate?
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How would you make ethylphenidate?
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How would you make ethyl ethanoate?
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How would you make ethyl alcohol?
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How would you make ethyl acetate?
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How is ethylene glycol made?
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How is ethyl alcohol made?
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How do you make ethyl alcohol?
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How would you explain an ethyl group?
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What does ethylene do?
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How would you convert ethyl bromide to butane?
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How does ethyl alcohol differ from methyl alcohol?
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How does ethylene oxide sterilization work?
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Why is ethyl alcohol soluble in water?
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Why is ethyl acetate insoluble in water?
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Why is ethylene glycol soluble in water?
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Question #cf662
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How would you define polar and non-polar bonds?
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What are the values of the bond angles in SiCl4 ?
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What are the bond angles in phosphine (PH3)?
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Can nitrogen ever have 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs, or even 1 bond and three lone pairs?
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What is continuous etherification?
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Question #8e0cc
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Orbital energy diagram for beryllium?
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What is the oxidation product of thiols?
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A water solution of #I_2# is shaken with an equal volume of a nonpolar solvent such as TTE (tri-chlorotrifluoroethane). What is the appearance of this system after shaking?
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Question #db381
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Question #5d5cb
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How does a Schiff reagent react with an aldehyde?
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How many isomers of [insert straight-chained alkane here] exist?
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What does it mean for a compound to be a meso isomer?
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How does sodium borohydride, #Na^(+)BH_4^(-)# act as a reducing agent towards imines?
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What are all the possible resonance structures for the Phosphate ion?
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Why carbon is #sp^3# hybridized in the compound?
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Question #4b454
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Hydrogenation of an alkene is an example of what kind of reaction?
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How many carbon atoms are in a butane molecule?
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What is the structure of (Z)-1-chloro-1-fluoro-1-butene?
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How many stereoisomers are possible for 3,4-dimethylheptane? which are pairs of enantiomers and which are meso compounds?
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How will you obtain benzene from ethyl alcohol ?
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Why is phenol more soluble in water than toluene ?
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How can nucleophilic addition of a primary amine give an imine ?
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Why tertiary alkyl halides give #"S"_"N"1# reactions mostly ?
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What is placed between a molecule's resonance structures to indicate resonance?
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What is the percent of water by mass for the hydrate, #BaCl_2 * 2H_2O#?
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What major concepts should I know for organic chemistry?
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Question #265a7
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How to write the reaction equation for the reaction of I2/NaOH with carbonyl compound CH3CHO , CH3CH2CHO and CH3CH2COCH3?
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How to write equation for the preparation of the Grignard's Reagent starting from benzene?
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How can a Grignard reagent can used to prepare 2-phenyl-2-propanol, 1-phenylethanol, and phenylmethanol?
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How can we get 1-methylcyclohexanol from cyclohexanone , by reduction using the reagent LiALH4 in H2O/H+ , I got cyclohexanol , then what should I do?
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What is the IUPAC name of iso-octane?
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What will reaction between hydrazine dinitro benzene and 2-butanone produce (reagent H+)?
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Of the given options, which is (i) the strongest acid, and (ii) which is the potentially chiral acid?
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Question #4d610
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How do you use the bond dissociation energies of #H_2# (435 kJ/mol) and of a typical carbon-carbon bond (347 kJ/mol) to decide which bond is stronger?
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What shape is a molecule of methane? Symmetrical or asymmetrical?
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What is an organic compound called that is used to store energy and forms important parts of biological membranes?
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How do purines compare to pyrimidines?
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What is the molecular shape of acetylene?
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For ethane, what is the correct framework of the Lewis structure?
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How are aqueous solubilities determined?
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How would you synthesize #N#-methylacetamide from methyl bromide and any other inorganic reagents?
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How do you separate acetic acid and formic acid; and how do you separate acetaldehyde from formaldehyde?
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How are Newman projections drawn?
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What is the skeletal structural formula of 2,4-dibromophenol?
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What type of organic molecule has monomers of amino acids?
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What is the reaction mechanism when HCN reacts with propanone and benzaldehyde?
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What is the best way to determine if an organic molecule is really aromatic?
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What will happen if I heat a solution of 1-bromo-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane in methanol?
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Why boiling point of ethanoic acid is higher than methyl methanoate?
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How ethanoic acid can be prepared by ethanol or ethanenitrile?
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Write equations to show two different ways of converting iodomethane to ethanoic acid?
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What carboxylic acid and reagents need to prepare (a)N,N,2-trimethylpropanamide (b)Ethyl benzoate and (c)propanoyl chloride ?
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What happens when CH3CH(OH)COOH reacts with PCl5?
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How do you remember chemical reaction reagents, solvents, and products?
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What is the order of acidity for #"acetic acid"#, #(H_3C)_2CHCO_2H#, and #H_3C-CH(NO_2)CO_2H#?
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Why is acetic acid LESS volatile than methyl formate?
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Question #a9dae
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How do you name #"H"_3"C"("CH"_2)"OCH"_3#?
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Can branching occur in saturated alkanes?
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Question #d232f
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What is the number of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and fluorine atoms in a molecule of #HFC-32#?
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What are the structures of 3-bromo-2-methylhexan-1-ol, 1,1,3-trimethylcyclohexane, and (#N#,2)-dimethylhexan-1-amine?