Answers created by Waleed A.

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• How are supernovas and neutron stars related to each other?
  
• What equation do astronomers use to calculate the sun-earth distance?
  
• Are red giants smaller than when they were main sequence stars?
  
• The hydrogen Balmer line of quasar 3C273 is observed to have a wavelength of 563.9 nm. The laboratory hydrogen Balmer line is known to be 486.1 nm. What is the speed at which this quasar is moving away from us expressed in meters per second?
  
• How can astronomers determine a star's chemical composition?
  
• During the fusion process, how is mass converted into energy?
  
• How are Brown Dwarfs like jovian planets?
  
• What is the last stage in the evolution of the Sun before it turns into a planetary nebula?
  
• Why are outer planets gaseous in nature whereas inner planets in our solar system are rocky?
  
• How are the seasons formed?
  
• How is the earth's tilt is responsible for the seasons?
  
• How redshift is measured?
  
• How bright are quasars in comparison to our sun?
  
• Light from the Sun takes about 8.0 min to reach Earth. How far away is the Sun?
  
• How many miles does light travel in one hour?
  
• Why are white dwarf stars called so?
  
• Are there stars outside the White Dwarfs, Main Sequence, and Giant and Supergiant? if so, what are they called?
  
• How does a star's temperature change as the star ages from a main sequence star to a red giant and from a red giant to a white dwarf?
  
• What are the main differences between the life cycle of a high mass and a low mass star?
  
• Why are there so many dwarf stars (red and white) among the nearest stars, but none among the brightest stars?
  
• Why is there perihelion and aphelion of a planet's orbit?
  
• Wavelengths of light from a distant galaxy are found to be 0.5% longer than the corresponding wavelengths measured in a terrestrial laboratory. At what speed is the galaxy receding?
  
• What is the definition of a high mass star?
  
• How is the energy generated in the sun like stars?
  
• What is the difference between an asteroid and a comet?
  
• How long does it take light to reach us from stars on the edge of the universe?
  
• How does dark matter relate to the expansion of the universe?
  
• What is the difference between a nebula, quasar and red giant?
  
• How much energy do quasars give off?
  
• A spectrograph is used to determine what characteristic of a star?
  
• How is a main-sequence star like the sun able to maintain a stable size?
  
• How can we take pictures of our galaxy if we can not get outside of it to do so?
  
• The star GJ 1156 has a parallax angle of 0.153 arcsec. How far away is the star?
  
• What is the 6th planet from the sun?
  
• How do aphelion and perihelion compare to one another?
  
• How close is the nearest star system?
  
• What is the diameter of the earth's orbit around the sun in miles?
  
• How close is the nearest star to earth in km?
  
• How are parsecs converted to meters?
  
• What is the next stage in a star's life after the main-sequence phase?
  
• If the span of the universe was converted from light years to miles, what would it measure?
  
• How far is the sun from the earth?
  
• What is the distance between the International Space Station and earth?
  
• What is the distance of pluto to earth in AU?
  
• How does a larger star differ to a small one in the life cycle?
  
• How does a white dwarf star generate energy?
  
• If light takes 8 minutes to travel from the sun to Earth and 5 hours to travel from the sun to Pluto, what is the distance from the sun to Pluto?
  
• What is the Hubble distance-velocity relationship?
  
• How many lightyears is Pluto away from earth?
  
• What is the formula for Hubble's Law?
  
• How far away is Pluto from earth?
  
• What happens to stars once they have used up all their hydrogen?
  
• How long does it take light to travel from the sun to Earth?
  
• How does a star become a black dwarf?
  
• How can orbital semimajor axis, eccentricity, and period be calculated if perihelion and aphelion are known?
  
• How is distance measured in astronomical units?
  
• How would you calculate Pluto's aphelion distance?
  
• What does one light year equal in kilometers?
  
• How does distance affect parallax?
  
• How do you calculate the energy of light that has a wavelength of 10 cm?
  
• Which is the nearest star to earth, after the sun?
  
• What is the distance between Pluto and the sun in meters?
  
• What galaxy group is earth in?
  
• How does the death of a massive star differ from the death of a sun-like star?
  
• How far away is the closest star?
  
• What is the nearest star to earth called?
  
• How many parsecs is the sun from earth?
  
• What is the fourth planet from the sun?
  
• What is the mass and size of a white dwarf?
  
• If parsec is the distance that light travels in 3.26 years. How many kilometers does light travel in 1.0 parsec?
  
• What creates a black hole? Will we ever have the ability to create one?
  
• What happens to a star when all the hydrogen has been converted to helium?
  
• How long does it take to get to the sun from earth?
  
• What is the perihelion and aphelion of earth? How are these distances calculated?
  
• Why do perihelion and aphelion occur?
  
• What is the difference in the fate of a small star and a very massive star?
  
• What is the parallax formula?
  
• How does the sun's mass compare to earth's mass?
  
• How does the Hubble telescope take a picture of the Milky Way?
  
• How is sunlight made?
  
• What is the sun made of?
  
• How would you convert parsecs to centimeters?
  
• Do red dwarfs eventually become white dwarfs?
  
• What causes the universe to expand?
  
• How many light years away is the closest galaxy to ours? What is it called?
  
• How does a supernova differ from our sun?
  
• How are images of our Milky Way taken?
  
• If light takes 8 minutes to reach Earth from the sun and 5.3 hours to reach Pluto, what is the approximate distance from the sun to Pluto?
  
• How do black dwarfs die?
  
• How far is Pluto from the sun in AU?
  
• Why is earth closest to the sun in January?
  
• You measure the parallax angle for a star to be 0.1 arcseconds. The distance to this star is?
  
• What is a black dwarf star? Does it have proven existence or is it hypothetical?
  
• How long does it take for light (in minutes) to reach Saturn from the Sun, at a distance of 1.532 × 109 km?
  
• What type of star will the Sun become after it leaves the Main Sequence?
  
• What is the distance from earth to the sun called?
  
• If Pluto is 5.5 light hours from the sun, how far is Pluto from the sun in AU?
  
• How is perihelion calculated?
  
• What is a black dwarf and how is it formed?
  
• What is the difference between black and white dwarfs?
  
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