Immune Responses

Topic Page

Questions

• Is the lymphocyte count elevated in lymphoma ?
• What is the difference between B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes?
• What is a T4 lymphocyte?
• What are "atypical" lymphocytes?
• When does your body make antibodies? What activates the body to make antibodies or are they continually being produced?
• The proteins contained in foreign invaders which antibodies lock onto to neutralize are called what?
• Is the administration to humans of tetanus antitoxin that is produced in a horse in response to the inactivated tetanus toxin an example of passive immunity?
• What are lymphocytes and why are they important to immunity?
• How do lymphocytes aid in the body's defense?
• How do lymphocytes become activated?
• How do lymphocytes travel around the body?
• How does chemotherapy affect lymphocytes?
• How does HIV infect T-lymphocytes?
• How do lymphocytes and phagocytes kill pathogens?
• What are some examples of lymphocytes?
• Why are lymphocytes tested in a complete blood count? What do they signify?
• What is the difference between a leukocyte and a lymphocyte?
• What are the causes of vaculated lymphocytes? Is this an inherited disorders?
• Do T cells comprise 90% of the circulating lymphocytes?
• Why are there no antiviral drugs available? What issues affect the development of antiviral drugs?
• How do B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes recognize specific antigens?
• What are the respective roles of T Lymphocytes and B Lymphocytes in immunity?
• In what tissue do B and T-lymphocytes originate? What are the two steps involved in lymphocyte “maturation"?
• Is there a difference between granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes in terms of function?
• Are the three main types of lymphocytes T-cells, B cells, and macrophages?
• What are neutrophils and eosinophils?
• Is phagocytosis the general name for the engulfing of a foreign body? Does that mean both monocytes and phagocytes can perform phagocyosis?
• What is an antigen?
• What is an antigen-antibody reaction?
• What is antigenic drift?
• How antigens relate related to antibodies?
• How do antigens enter the body?
• How do antigens and antibodies differ?
• How do antigens and antibodies work together?
• How many antigens can a normal antibody bind?
• How many antigens can an antibody recognize?
• How many antigens can IgG bind?
• How are antigens detected?
• How is an antigen prepared?
• How is the word "antigen" pronounced?
• What antigen is present in type A blood?
• What antigens are present in type A negative blood?
• What antigens are present in O-negative blood?
• What antigens are present in type AB blood?
• Why is prostate specific antigen (PSA) important?
• What is the difference between an antigen and a pathogen?
• What is the difference between an antigen and an allergen?
• What is the difference between an epitope and an antigen? Does an antibody bind onto the epitope or the antigen?
• What is an example of a self-antigen?
• What are B-cells and T-cells?
• Does blood type O have an antigen?
• How do antibodies and antigens work together in the blood?
• What antibodies are present in each blood type?
• Is bacteria an antigen? If not, what is the difference between bacteria and an antigen?
• Where do antigens come from?
• What is Antibody Anti-JKa?
• What is the function of antigen presenting cells?
• What is Antibody E?
• What exactly is HBsAg and HBsAb? What exactly is the difference between HBsAg and HBsAb? Are they antibodies that protect against the HBV or is it the actual virus?
• What type of blood contains A antibodies (but not B antibodies) in the plasma and lacks Rh antigens?
• What is the study of antigen-antibody reactions?
• What are the first antibodies to be produced in a primary immune response?
• What is a super-antigen?
• Can a baby with blood type O have a father with blood type B? Why or why not?
• What are the expected clumping results when each type of blood is mixed with each antibody? The antibodies are Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh. How do I know if the different blood types (A+, A-, B+, B-, etc) clump with any of the antibodies?
• What are three antigens that may be present on human red blood cells?
• Do only pathogens have antigens?
• In IgG, what is the antigen binding site formed by?
• What is the meaning of agglutination?
• What kind of antigens does a person with type O blood have? Do they have A, B, AB, or O antigens?
• Is HCG (human chrionic gonadotropin) an antigen or antibody?
• What does it mean to test positive to a antibody/antigen test?
• When a new antigen first challenges the immune system, if the primary immune response produce B cells, what are the fates of those B cells?
• A person with antigen A on their red blood cells can donate blood to someone with what blood type?
• How do the antibodies destroy the substance produced by an antigen?
• What is HB antigen?
• What is the relation between an antigen and a vaccine?
• What is the antibody anti K?
• In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, must the antigen be phagocytized by the lymphocyte? Must the antigen enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte?
• How many epitopes does an antigen have?
• What do memory cells remember?
• What type of immunity is due to the injection of an antigen?
• In the ELISA test, what do primary antibodies & secondary antibodies do?
• What chemical do cytotoxic T cells release?
• What do memory cytotoxic T cells do?
• What does an activated helper T cell release? What does a cytotoxic T cell attached to an infected body cell release?
• In the adaptive immune response, do Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells? Do Helper T cells phagocytize bacteria and viruses?
• Milly has just received a kidney transplant and is taking cyclosporin. What exactly does this medication do, and how does it do this?
• How do B cells depend on T cells?
• Does a cytotoxic T cell protect or defend?
• Where do lymphocytes and phagocytes work, how do they work, and what they do?
• Are there white blood cells in lymphatic fluid and what is their purpose?
• It is said, "No T cells, no immunity." How can this statement be explained?
• What is the immune system?
• What do B cells make when they recognize antigens?
• What does it mean if you are "negative hepatitis b surface antigen"?
• Why is sperm not considered as an antigen even though it is foreign to the woman's body?
• What is the difference between antibody capture ELISA and Sandwich ELISA?
• How many possible blood antigen combinations are there?
• How do antigens and antibodies of the blood develop?
• In an ELISA test, what reasons could there be for a positive test when you don't have the disease?
• What is the difference between the four types of human immunity?
• What is the definition of Non-Specific & Specific Immunity?
• What is artificially acquired humoral immunity? What type of things do T cells attack?
• What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
• What two ways can passive immunity develop?
• What role do the helper t cells play in the immune response?
• What is the humoral concept of disease?
• Which of the following process provides a defense against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells: Nonspecific response, Inflammatory response, Humoral immunity, or Cell-mediated immunity? HELLLPPP!?
• Do toxoid vaccines result in passive or active immunity? How can this be explained?
• Which occurs faster, primary or secondary immune response?
• Aglutiation in humoral immune responses is carried out by what?
• What role do B-cells play in the body's immune reaponse?
• What kind of cells are like soldiers in the cellular immunity response, because locate and destroy infected body cells?
• What are 3 or 4 reasons why the innate immune system is important?
• What is the auto-immune system?
• What causes a weakened immune system?
• What is a lymph and how is it related to the immune system?
• Can a physically fit person fight off infectious diseases better than others?
• How does humoral immunity protect the body?
• How is active humoral immunity achieved?
• What are examples of humoral immunity?
• Why is it called humoral immunity?
• Does HIV infect CD4 cells?
• Why are CD4 levels measured?
• Are antigens made of glycoproteins?
• What is the medical term for a substance that produces a hypersensitivity reaction?