Question

Question #959ae

Answer 1

Assuming for now that we are connecting opposite-charged plates, you see that, in the first instance, if we think in terms of current as the movement of electrons, there will be a flow of charge as shown due to the charge imbalance.

That charge balance we can also describe in terms of potential. The electrical potential energy in the arrangement will reduce if the current flows as indicated. If the charges exactly cancel out, there is no longer electrical potential energy stored in the arrangement.

More generally, if `Q_1 > Q_2`, We will still end up with a surplus of electrons on the bottom plates, and a corresponding surplus of positive charge on the top plates.

That surplus charge will re-distribute so that the potential across each capacitor is the same..... so that the potential difference between each connected plate is zero..

At that equilibrium point: `V_1 = V_2 implies Q_1/C_1 = Q_2/C_2`

If, when connected, we have zero potential across the capacitors, ie `V_1 = V_2 = 0`, it is because:

`V_1 = V_2 = 0 implies Q_1/C_1 = Q_2/C_2 = 0 implies Q_1 = Q_2 = 0`

Ie the capacitors started out with the same amount of charge.

Then as `Q = CV`, we have:

`120 C_1 = 200 C_2 implies 2)`

If we connect like-charged plates, it's the same idea. Charge will re-allocate itself amongst until the connected plates are at the same potential. This means the drop across each capacitor will be the same. However, you are guaranteed a drop across each capacitor as the charge imbalance across the plates has just been re-distributed. It is still there.