How do the differences in carbon bonds explain why graphite and diamonds have different properties?

1 Answer
Jan 27, 2017

#"Diamond"# is non-molecular in three dimensions.........

Explanation:

And #"graphite"# is non-molecular in two dimensions. The given figure illustrates this nicely.

Both solids are non-molecular with impossibly high melting and boiling points, but the difference in the degree of molecularity means that carbon graphite is relatively soft.

The #C-C# bond in diamond is approx. #1.54xx10^-10*m#, between individual carbon atoms. The corresponding distance in graphite is #1.42xx10^-10*m# between carbons in the same layer, and the shorter distance reflects some degree of electronic delocalization (as does its electrical conductivity). Between carbon layers the distance is approx. #3.35xx10^-10*m#. Diamond and graphite thus have different densities, #rho_"graphite"=2.27*g*cm^-3#, #rho_"diamond"=3.53*g*cm^-3#, and this difference reflects the distance between the layers in the graphite structure.

https://tse4.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.Mbba2bf41021bb04168b2792a7f6a6003H0&pid=15.1&P=0&w=304&h=169