Question

What intra/intermolecular forces exist within a hydrate?

Take the hydrate `Na_2S_2O_3•5H_2O`. Are there ionic forces between the `Na+` and the `S_2O_3^ (2-)` and ion-dipole forces between the cation/anions and the water?

HELP! (THANKS)

Answer 1

Here's what I get.

Explanation:

The formula for sodium sulfate is shown below.

Here are the strongest intra- and intermolecular forces present in the crystal.

Intramolecular forces

1. Covalent bonds

(a) `"S-O""` bonds in sulfate ion.
(b) `"O-H"` bonds in water

Intermolecular attractions

2. Strong electrostatic attractions

(c) Ion-ion attractions between `"Na"^"+"` and `"SO"_4^"2-"`

3. Weaker electrostatic attractions

(d) Ion-dipole attractions between `"Na"^"+"` and `""^"δ-""O-H"^"δ+"` bond dipoles in water

(e) Ion-dipole attractions between `"SO"_4^"2-"` and `""^"δ+""H-O"^"δ-"` bond dipoles in water

(f) Hydrogen bonds between water molecules: `"H-"stackrelcolor(blue)(δ^"-")("O")"···"stackrelcolor(blue)(δ^"+")("H")`