Question

What is something such as air, food, or shelter that is necessary for survival called?

Answer 1

Basic human needs...?

Explanation:

You have to be more specific. These things could be called basic human needs or essentials of life. Some even argue that the internet is needed, but I don't think so. It's extremely hard to live without the internet in the modern world, but it's possible.

Also, water is necessary for survival.