Why hydrogen bonds are formed?

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Why hydrogen bonds are formed?

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Answer 1 · 2015-09-01T08:05:34

Hydrogen bonds occur where hydrogen is covalently bound to a strongly electronegative element, e.g. $N, O, X$ $"N", "O", "X"$ $(X$ $("X"$ = halogen).

Explanation:

If hydrogen is bound to a strongly electronegative element, the electrons in the bond are polarized towards the electronegative element. We could therefore represent the polarized molecule as $H^{δ +} - X^{δ -}$ $"H"^(delta+)-"X"^(delta-)$ .

The $H - X$ $"H"-"X"$ molecule is thus polarized, it unequally shares its electrons. In the context of other similar molecules, this becomes an intermolecular force that is reflected in the elevated boiling points of $H_{2} O$ $"H"_2"O"$ , and $H - F$ $"H"-"F"$ . This intermolecular force is the hydrogen-bonding interaction.

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Why hydrogen bonds are formed?

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