Question

How do the atmospheric layers differ from each other?

Answer 1

Just above, it is the cloudy Troposphere.Just above is Stratosphere with ozone layer atop that absorbs harmful solar ultraviolet rays.. Above is Mesosphere, with low temperature and pressure ..... .

Explanation:

Layers: Troposphere-Stratosphere-Mesosphere-Thermosphere.

Just above, it is the cloudy Troposphere, up to about 10 km.

Just above is Stratosphere, with ozone layer atop that absorbs harmful solar ultraviolet rays..

Above is Mesosphere, with low temperature (up to`-100^oC`) and pressure (1/1000 of sea-level pressure).

And above this is the Thermosphere, where temperature steadily increase with height.

And beyond is the ionized layer called Ionosphere that enables communications between antipodal Australia and Americas.

The boundaries are not clearly marked. So, there is need for defining in-between transition pauses like Tropopause (about 10 km above), Stratopause (20 km). Kaman line (100 km) is the boundary between atmosphere and outer space.

There is yet another called Exosphere ( from 500 km) where sparse atoms of Hydrogen and Helium might escape Earth's gravity.. Of course, Magnetosphere beyond Exosphere reaching about 50000 km is gateway for interplanetary disturbances..