What is the derivative of # int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt # wrt #x#?
3 Answers
Explanation:
According to the
Using your example,
# d/dx \ int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt =2x^7 - x^3 #
Explanation:
If asked to find the derivative of an integral then you should not evaluate the integral but instead use the fundamental theorem of Calculus.
The FTOC tells us that:
# d/dx \ int_a^x \ f(t) \ dt = f(x) # for any constant#a#
(ie the derivative of an integral gives us the original function back).
We are asked to find:
# d/dx \ int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt #
Initially we can manipulate the integral as follows (although we have chosen
# int_0^(x^2) t^3 \ dt = int_0^x t^3 \ dt + int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt#
And so:
# int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt = int_0^(x^2) t^3 \ dt - int_0^x t^3 \ dt #
And therefore differentiating we get:
# d/dx \ int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt = d/dx \ int_0^(x^2) t^3 \ dt - d/dx \ int_0^x t^3 \ dt #
(notice the upper bounds of the first integral are not in the correct format for the FTOC to be applied, directly). We can manipulate the definite integral using a substitution and the chain rule. Let:
# u=x^2 => (du)/dx = 2x #
The substituting into the first integral we get:
# d/dx \ int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt = d/dx \ int_0^u t^3 \ dt - d/dx \ int_0^x t^3 \ dt #
# " " = (du)/dx*d/(du) \ int_0^u t^3 \ dt - d/dx \ int_0^x t^3 \ dt #
# " " = 2xd/(du) \ int_0^u t^3 \ dt - d/dx \ int_0^x t^3 \ dt #
And now the derivative of the integral is in the correct form for the FTOC to be applied, giving:
# d/dx \ int_x^(x^2) t^3 \ dt = 2x \ u^3-x^3 #
# " " = 2x \ (x^2)^3-x^3 #
# " " = 2x \ x^6 - x^3 #
# " " = 2x^7 - x^3 #
Another way to do this is to apply Leibniz's integral rule:
#d/(dx)[int_(a(x))^(b(x)) f(x,t)dt] = int_(a(x))^(b(x)) del/(delx)[f(x,t)]dt + f(x,b(x))(db)/(dx) - f(x,a(x))(da)/(dx)#
In this case, we have:
#d/(dx)[int_(x)^(x^2) t^3 dt]# ,where
#a(x) = x# ,#b(x) = x^2# , and#f(x,t) = t^3# .
We obtain, by plugging in
#= cancel(int_(x)^(x^2) 0dt)^(0) + stackrel(|[t^3]|_(t = x^2))overbrace((x^2)^3)cdotcolor(red)((db)/(dx)) - stackrel(|[t^3]|_(t = x))overbrace((x)^3)cdotcolor(red)((da)/(dx))# since the derivative of
#t^3# with respect to#x# is#0# (#t# does not vary when#x# varies), and the integral of#0# is#0# (a flat horizontal line along the#x# axis has no area).
We then take the derivative of
#=> color(blue)(d/(dx)[int_(x)^(x^2) t^3 dt]) = x^6 cdot color(red)(2x) - x^3 cdot color(red)(1)#
#= color(blue)(2x^7 - x^3)#