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Question #d9bba

Answer 1

Function of Thylakoids:

Prokaryotes don't possess choloroplast. But they do possess unstack photosynthetic membranes which work as thylakoids for them. These membranes contain photosynthetic pigments. These pigments capture & absorb the sunlight energy and thus help the organism to perform photosynthesis or to synthesize food.

Function of Flagellum(Plural = Flagella):

Flagellum is extremely thin hair like appendage that originate from basal body. Primary function of flagellum is to help the organism in motility. However flagella also help the organism to detect and move in response to chemical signals this behaviour is called `color(red)("chemotaxis")`.

Function of Pilus(Plural = Pili):

Pili are hollow non helical filamentous appendages that are smaller than flagella. These are primarily involved in a mating process between cells called configuration process. In this process, pili are used by organisms to exchange their genetic material. However some shorter pili(fimbriae) also function as a means of attachment of prokaryote to various surfaces.

Function of Ribosomes:

Prokaryotes have `"70S"` ribosomes which means these are slightly larger than Eukaryotic ribosomes`("80S")`. Prokaryotic ribosomes just like the eukaryotic ones are also protein factories. These translate the specific nucleotides' sequence on `"mRNA"` into the amino acid sequence to form polypeptide chain of proteins.
However there are slight difference between the mechanism of translation in both.

Function of Mesosomes:
Mesosomes are the structures formed as a result of invagination of cell membrane into the cytoplasm that's why these appear in the form of vesicles, tubules or lamella. Mesosomes are involved in aerobic respiration, `"DNA"` replication and cell division. Some mesosomes are also involved in export of exocellular enzyme.

Hope it helps...