Question

In electrical insulators, why are the electrons not free to move unlike in conductors? Is it due to stronger bonds or attraction between nucleus and electron?

Answer 1

`=>` electrons are not free to flow due to its electrical charges attraction when separated (polarized) by the action of an electrical field..

Explanation:

Electrical insulators are known as "dielectrics".

In general, Dielectrics are non-polar molecules having its positive and negative charges at zero distance of separation; so the molecules have no permanent dipole moment.

So, the application of an electrical field induces dipole moment by stretching the molecules and re-orienting and separating its charges in direct proportion to the applied electrical field.

So,
`=>` electrons are not free to flow due to its electrical charges attraction when separated (polarized) by the action of an electrical field.