Question

Explain how the rate of vaporization of a liquid affected with increase in temperature of the liquid?

Answer 1

The rate of vaporization increases as the liquid temperature increases. Evaporation occurs when vaporization is still nonspontaneous, i.e. is not thermodynamically favorable.

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The natural equilibrium state at which the rate of vaporization equals the rate of condensation is achieved at the normal boiling point, i.e. `T = T_b` such that boiling occurs at `"1 atm"` pressure.

At this temperature, the vapor pressure exerted upwards by the evolving gas equals the atmospheric pressure exerted downwards onto the surface of the solution.

BEFORE this temperature is reached, i.e. `T < T_b`, vaporization is nonspontaneous, because the rate of condensation is faster than the rate of vaporization.

The vapor pressure is generally low at this point.

As `T -> T_b`, the rate of vaporization increases and the rate of condensation decreases, thus increasing the vapor pressure until it equals the atmospheric pressure:

At this point, vaporization and condensation occur at the same rate.