Question

Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic plant cells, and eukaryotic animal cells?

Answer 1

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Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells:

• Mostly bacterial.
• Have a capsule,
• Cell membrane
• Flagellum in some, for mobility,
• They have no mitochondria, since they are small enough, and can respire directly using the cell membrane.
• They have no nuclear, instead of the genetic information floating around the cytoplasm. They also have plasmids.

eukaryotic cells (animals):

• Have a cell membrane, with a phospholipid bi layer, which is permeable to some molecules, such as water, whilst impermeable to larger molecules such as glucose and charged ions.
• Have a cytoplasm.
• Have mitochondria, which is a double membrane bound organelle, with folded inner membrane giving it extra surface area for maximized respiration, which occurs in the channels with liquid called the matrix.

• They also have ribosomes, where protein synthesis, with using tRNA molecules and mRNA molecules (process known as translation).

• They also have golgi apparatus, which modifies and packages lipids (triglycerides), and turns it into vesicles for endocytosis.

• They also have rough endoplasmatic reticulum, which has loads of ribosomes, most of the times near the nucleus, for easy transportation of mRNA molecules. (also smooth ER, for making lipids)

• Also has nucleus, which stores nuclear information in form of DNA, and has a nuclear membrane.

Eukrayotic cells (plants):

• have everything that the animal cell has, except for few extra things:

• They have a vacuole, which has cell sap and keeps the cell in shape.

• Has cell wall, made from cellulose, composed of beta-glucose molecules, which creates strong micro fibrils, and gives the cell strength and keeps it turgid.
• They also have chloroplasts, which releases glucose using photosynthesis. It has granum inside, and chlorophyll, giving it the green color.