What is protonema?

1 Answer
Linica Uday
Jun 1, 2018

Protonema is defined as the primary filamentous thalloid stage of the gametophyte in mosses and liverworts.

Explanation:

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It is formed by germination of spores and is a branched filamentous structure. The protonema develops a lateral bud which further gives rise to the leafy stage in mosses.

Protonema are composed of two cell types- chloronemata and caulonemata.

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