Question

How do polar covalent bonds form?

Answer 1

Well, how do any bonds form?

Explanation:

The modern chemical bond is conceived to be a region of high electron density between two positively charged atomic nuclei such that internuclear repulsion is negated, and a net attractive force operates between the nuclei and the intervening electron cloud.

But in a polar covalent bond, the more electronegative atom polarizes electron density towards itself to give partial electronic charges on the participating atoms...i.e. `H_3stackrel(""^+delta)C-stackrel(delta^-)Cl`....hydrogen bonding represents an extreme example of polar covalent bonding, and occurs when hydrogen is directly bound to `F, O, N`...