Question

What happens if microtubules and microfilaments are absent in the cell?

Answer 1

Some microtubules are using in protein transport (by kinesin and dynein). Even organelles like mitochondria is transported via microtubule network. So protein transport and organelle movement will get disrupted

Explanation:

For example, when nocodazole was used to disrupt microtubules,
directional mitochondrial motility was impaired

Florian Fuchs (2002) Interaction of mitochondria with microtubules in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
http://www.zellbiologie.uni-bayreuth.de/PDFspublicationsWE/Fuchs%20et%20al%202002.pdf

Mariusz Karbowski, et. al., (2000) Opposite effects of microtubule-stabilizing and microtubule-destabilizing drugs on biogenesis of mitochondria in mammalian cells
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/joces/114/2/281.full.pdf