Question

What physiological changes that occur during pregnancy often cause gastrointestinal problems?

Answer 1

The most common gastrointestinal problems are nausea and vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation.

Explanation:

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common in the first trimester of pregnancy and are often the first sign of pregnancy.

These symptoms may be caused by the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which is present in its highest concentrations during the first trimester.

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Increased pressure on the stomach may cause reflux of the gastric contents into the esophagus and contribute to gastroesophageal reflux and the symptoms of heartburn.

Constipation

The increased pressure that the enlarging uterus exerts on the colon can mechanically limit colonic emptying and cause constipation.

Also, the rise in progesterone causes the colon to absorb excess fluid. This reduces stool volume and increases transit time through the colon.