Question

Why is solvation considered a surface phenomenon?

Answer 1

Solvation is a surface phenomenon in the sense that it starts at the surface of a dissolving solid.

During solvation, the particles of a solute become surrounded by solvent particles as they leave the surface of a solid. The solvated particles move into the solution.

For example, water molecules pull sodium and chloride ions from the surface of a sodium chloride crystal. The solvated Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions end up in the solution.

We also use the term solvation when water molecules surround polar groups on the surfaces of cell membranes.