How do you determine the correct subscripts in a chemical formula?
1 Answer
To determine the correct subscripts in a chemical formula, you have to solve how many atoms you need to balance the charge.
For example if I had the compound Calcium Fluoride I would look at the periodic table and see that Calcium's ionic formula is
So if calcium gave away two electrons, it will have two more protons than an electron giving it a (2+) charge. The same process can be applied to Fluoride. Since fluoride is one to the left of the noble gases(group 18 or 8A) on the periodic table we know that it has 7 valance electrons because it is in group 7A or 17.
Knowing that we have 7 electrons the fluoride atom will gain an extra electron. Since the fluoride atom gained an extra electron it will have one more negative charge than a positive making it a
So you know that Calcium has a 2+ charge and that fluoride has a 1- charge, you then need these ions to balance out. So you need two fluorine atoms with a 1- ions to balance out the 2+ ion of calcium. Your final answer would be
Final Tip: Determine the charges then inverse the charges, remove the positive and negative superscipts, and write the charge numbers as a sub script. Ie. Calcium Fluoride
Good Luck!