Question

Question #7f640

Answer 1

Here's what I got.

Explanation:

Ethanoic acid, also known as acetic acid, `"CH"_3"COOH"`, is a weak acid that ionizes only partially in aqueous solution to form hydronium ions, `"H"_3"O"^(+)`, and acetate ions, `"CH"_3"COO"^(-)`, its conjugate base.

The balanced chemical equation for this equilibrium reaction looks like this

`"CH"_3"COOH"_text((aq]) + "H"_2"O"_text((l]) rightleftharpoons "H"_3"O"_text((aq])^(+) + "CH"_3"COO"_text((aq])^(-)`

The equilibrium constant, `K_(eq)`, for this equilibrium is defined as

`K_(eq) = ( ["H"_3"O"^(+)] * ["CH"_3"COO"^(-)])/(["CH"_3"COOH"] * ["H"_2"O"])`

Since the concentration of water is presumed constant, you can rewrite this expression to get

`overbrace(K_(eq) * ["H"_2"O"])^(color(purple)(K_a)) = ( ["H"_3"O"^(+)] * ["CH"_3"COO"^(-)])/(["CH"_3"COOH"])`

This will give you the expression for the acid dissociation constant, `K_a`

`color(green)(K_a = ( ["H"_3"O"^(+)] * ["CH"_3"COO"^(-)])/(["CH"_3"COOH"]))`

When acetic acid is titrated with a strong base, the neutralization reaction that takes place produces water and acetate ions, the conjugate base of the weak acid.

Right from the start, this tells you that the pH at equivalence point will be greater than `7`, since the resulting solution will contain a weak base.

The balanced chemical equation for this reaction looks like this - I'll use hydroxide anions to represent sodium hydroxide

`"CH"_3"COOH"_text((aq]) + "OH"_text((aq])^(-) -> "CH"_3"COO"_text((aq])^(-) + "H"_2"O"_text((l])`

All the chemical species that are taking part in the reaction are found in a `1:1` mole ratio, which means that every mole of added strong base will consume one mole of weak acid and produce one mole of conjugate base.

Use the molarity and volume of the acid solution to find how many moles of acetic acid it containes

`color(blue)(c = n/V implies n = c * V)`

`n = "0.220 mol" color(red)(cancel(color(black)("dm"^(-3)))) * 25.0 * 10^(-3)color(red)(cancel(color(black)("dm"^(3)))) = "0.00550 moles CH"_3"COOH"`

In order to completely neutralize the acid, you need to add an equal number of moles of sodium hydroxide. Use the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution to find what volume would contain this many moles

`color(blue)(c = n/V implies V = n/c)`

`V = (0.00550color(red)(cancel(color(black)("moles"))))/(0.150 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mol"))) "dm"^(-3)) = "0.03667 dm"^3`

Rounded to three sig figs and expressed in cubic centimeters, the answer will be

`V_(NaOH) = color(green)("36.7 cm"^3)`

Because a complete neutralization leaves you with the acetate ion, a weak base, present in solution, the pH at equivalence point will be higher than `7`.

This means that you need an indicator that would change color at `"pH" > 7`. The only valid option on that list is thymol blue.

As a final note, you said that

...I found its pH as 5.4...

If this is the value you have for the pH of the acid solution, you're calculations are incorrect.

I won't go in to that here, but using an ICE table will get you

`K_a = x^2/(0.220 - x)`

Here `x` represents the equilibrium concentration of hydronium and acetate ions. Since you have a small value for `K_a`, you will have

`0.220 - x ~~ 0.220`

The concentration of hydronium ions will be

`x = sqrt(0.220 * K_a)`

`x = sqrt(0.220 * 1.74 * 10^(-5)) = 1.9565 * 10^(-3)"M"`

This will give you a pH of

`"pH" = - log(1.9565 * 10^(-3)) = color(green)(2.71)`