An object has a mass of 3 kg. The object's kinetic energy uniformly changes from 75 KJ to 135 KJ over t in [0, 9 s]. What is the average speed of the object?

1 Answer
Apr 22, 2016

v_{ave}=237m/s

Explanation:

For simplicity, Let: y = the kinetic energy

The kinetic energy changes by
\Delta y= (135-75)KJ=60KJ

over a time period of 9 seconds.
The rate of change of the kinetic energy, which I'm calling y, is

{dy}/dt={60KJ}/{9s}=6.7{KJ}/s

Therefore the kinetic energy as a function of time is

y_{(t)}=(6.7{KJ}/s)t+75KJ

This follows from y_{(t)}=y_{(t=0)}+\int_0^t{dy}/{dt}dt,

where I used that at t=0, \quad y_{(t=0)}=75KJ.

We know that Kinetic Energy =y=1/2mv^2, Therefore

v_{(t)}=\sqrt{{2y}/m}.

The average speed is

v_{ave}=1/9\int_0^9 v_{(t)}dt=1/{9s}\sqrt{2/m}\int_0^9\sqrt{y\quad}dt

We could substitute y and integrate in terms of t. But it looks like it would be easier to integrate over y. The endpoints of the integral correspond to the initial and final kinetic energies and we have that dt=(1/6.7 s/{KJ})dy

v_{ave}=1/{9s}\sqrt{2/m}(1/6.7 s/{KJ})\int_{y_i}^{y_f}y^{1/2}dy

Note that (9s)(6.7{KJ}/s)=y_f-y_i, because that's how we found the rate of change of the kinetic energy.

v_{ave}=1/{(y_f-y_i)}\sqrt{2/m} 2/3 [y_f^{3/2}-y_i^{3/2}]

Be sure to use y_i and y_f in Joules, the answer is
v_{ave}=237m/s