Question

Question #8b482

Answer 1

`24^@"C"`

Explanation:

The idea here is that the heat given off by the piece of iron as it cools will be equal to the heat absorbed by the water as it warms.

`color(blue)(ul(color(black)(-q_"iron" = q_"water")))" " " "color(darkorange)("(*)")`

Keep in mind that we use a minus sign here because, by convention, heat given off carries a negative sign

Before moving forward, look up the specific heat values of water and iron, respectively. You'll find them listed as

`c_"water" = "4.184 J g"^(-1)""^@"C"^(-1)`

`c_"iron" = "0.444 J g"^(-1)""^@"C"^(-1)`

http://www2.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/database/specific_heat_capacity_table.html

Now, your tool of choice here will be the equation

`color(blue)(ul(color(black)(q = m * c * DeltaT)))`

Here

• `q` is the heat lost or gained by the substance
• `m` is the mass of the sample
• `c` is the specific heat of the substance
• `DeltaT` is the change in temperature, defined as the difference between the final temperature and the initial temperature of the sample

If you take `T_f` to be the final temperature of the iron + water system, you can say that the change in temperature for the piece of iron will be

`DeltaT_"iron" = T_f - 95^@"C"`

Similarly, the change in temperature for the water will be

`DeltaT_"water" = T_f - 22^@"C"`

Convert the two masses from kilograms to grams

`"2.4 kg" = 2.4 * 10^(3) color(white)(.)"g" = "2400 g"`

`"0.6 kg" = 0.6 * 10^3 color(white)(.)"g" = "600 g"`

You can thus say that the heat given off by the piece of iron will be equal to

`q_"iron" = 600 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g"))) * "0.444 J" color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g"^(-1)))) color(red)(cancel(color(black)(""^@"C"^(-1)))) * (T_f - 95)color(red)(cancel(color(black)(""^@"C")))`

`q_"iron" = 266.4 * (T_f - 95)`

The heat absorbed by the water will be equal to

`q_"water" = 2400 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g"))) * "4.184 J" color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g"^(-1)))) color(red)(cancel(color(black)(""^@"C"^(-1)))) * (T_f - 22)color(red)(cancel(color(black)(""^@"C")))`

`q_"water" = 10041.6 * (T_f - 22)`

You can now use equation `color(darkorange)("(*)")` to say that

`-266.4 * (T_f - 95) = 10041.6 * (T_f - 22)`

This will be equivalent to

`-266.4T_f + 25308 = 10041.6T_f - 220915.2`

Rearrange to get

`(10041.6T_f + 225.4) * T_f = 220915.2 + 25308`

You will thus have

`T_f = (220915.2 + 25308)/(10041.6 + 226.4) = 23.98`

You can thus say that the final temperature of the iron + water system will be

`color(darkgreen)(ul(color(black)(T_f = 24^@"C")))`

The answer is rounded to two sig figs.