How many unpaired electrons are in a gaseous Co 3+ ion in its ground state? The answer is 4, but I don’t understand how. Could someone please explain? Thank you!

1 Answer
Jan 1, 2018

A gaseous #"Co"^"3+"# ion in the ground state has four unpaired electrons.

Explanation:

The electron configuration of a cobalt atom is

#" Co": ["Ar"] "4s"^2"3d"^7#

The orbital diagram looks like this:

Diagram 1
(Adapted from galleryhip.com)

When we remove electrons to form the #"Co"^"3+"# ion, we first remove the two #"4s"# electrons and then one of the #"3d"# electrons.

The new electron configuration becomes

#"Co"^"3+": ["Ar"] "3d"^6#

The new orbital diagram looks like this:

Diagram 2
(Adapted from galleryhip.com)

The #"Co"^"3+"# ion has four unpaired electrons.