ELISA / Immunoassays
Key Questions
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Answer:
It is a method used to detect macromolecules in a solution even if found at a very low concentration.
Explanation:
Macromolecules do not react like ions in a chemical reaction giving a color, or any other sign that shows this reaction, so it is hard to recognize their presence or find their concentration.
Immunoassay depends on the features of antibodies that each one is able to detect one type of molecule and binds to it.
This antibody is previously produced using the monoclonal antibody technique, and then it is conjugated to a tag, which is a material that gives color in a solution.
When having a sample that needs to be analyzed for the presence of the suspected macromolecule, the tagged antibody is added to it.
The excess antibody is washed off and the coloring material is added.
If the macromolecule we are testing is present, then the antibody will be sticking to it, and hence the coloring material will stick to the antibody and give this color.
Sometimes the tagging is done through other ways than coloring like UV fluorescence or radiation.
Rawda Eada
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1
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Nov 14 2015
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Answer:
ELISA stands for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and is used to test /identify a substance with the help of antibodies and colour change.
Explanation:
In this process an unknown amount of antigen is affixed to a surface followed by the application of a specific antibody. The antibody binds to the antigen to form a complex. The antibody is co-valently linked to an enzyme. A substance that can convert to a detectable signal (like a colour change) is finally added. The visible signal indicates the quantity of antigens in the sample, which correlates to the amount of analyte present in the original sample.
ELISA tests are quick and can handle a large number of samples in parallel. They are thus a very popular choice for the evaluation of various research and diagnostic tools.
Linica Uday
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2
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Jun 2 2018