Question #80170

Jan 31, 2016

We can use water as a barometer if we increase the height of the tube.

Explanation:

In a column of a fluid, it is the height of the column that is important, not the width. Mercury is used in a barometer because of its high density. One atmosphere of pressure is enough to push mercury 760 mm (about 29 inches) up an evacuated tube. Or, put another way, a perfect vacuum would be unable to pull mercury any more than 760 mm up a tube.
For water, 1 atmosphere of pressure can push a column of water 10332mm up a tube, or about 33.9 feet.
So a mercury barometer can be made much smaller than a water barometer, though both are capable of doing the job.

Jan 31, 2016

One atmosphere pressure supports a column of mercury approx. $760$ $m m$ high (the thickness of the column does not matter - of course we want to reduce the mercury volume, so the columns are thin). Because mercury is almost 14 times as dense as water, the equivalent water column would be approx. $10$ $m$ high.