The Gran Canyon Diablo Crater in Arizona is 200m, and was produced by an impact of a #3xx10^8 kg# meteorite traveling at #1.3xx10^4 m/s#. Estimate (a) the change in Earth’s velocity as a result of the impact and (b) the average force exerted on Earth?
1 Answer
Assuming that the velocity of meteorite has been stated with respect to a reference frame in which earth is stationary, and that none of the kinetic energy of the meteorite is lost as heat sound etc., we make use of the law of conservation of momentum
(a). Noting that earth's initial velocity is
And after the collision the meteorite sticks to earth and both move with same velocity. Let final velocity of earth+meteorite combine be
#"Initial Momentum "= " Final momentum"#
#(3xx10^8)xx(1.3xx10^4)=(3xx10^8+5.972 xx 10^24)xxv_C#
where#5.972 × 10^24kg# is mass of earth.
We observe that velocity of meteorite is of the order of
This is change in the speed of earth due to collision with the meteorite.
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Compare with Earth's mean orbital speed of
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(b) We know that acceleration due to gravity
Taking same as average value of acceleration acting on the meteorite,
Average force exerted on Earth