How are dipoles induced?
2 Answers
Electrons are randomly moving about in shells and in a cloud-like region around the nucleus. In any moment the electron cloud may become concentrated on one side of the atom. For that moment a negative charge is set up on that side and a temporary dipole is induced. The opposite side has a positive dipole. There are forces of attraction between neighboring dipoles.
A dipole is induced in the following manner:
Explanation:
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The magnitude of electronegativity differences reflects the degree of polarity.
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It is due to this that one atom gets a partial positive charge and other gets a partial negative charge.
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The greater the differences in electronegativities of atoms forming the bond, the greater the charge separation; hence, the greater the polarity of an molecule, which leads to the induced dipole.
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Example: HCl , water etc.
So, a dipole is a measure of degree of polarity.
