Leaving Groups

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Questions

• What are leaving groups in nucleophilic substitution reactions?
• What are considered "good" leaving groups?
• Do "poor" leaving groups form ions of poor stability?
• Does a leaving group affect the reaction rate?
• Why are good leaving groups weak bases?
• Why does an sp3-hybridized electrophile must have a leaving group (X) in order for the reaction to take place?
• Are triflate, tosylate and mesylate the only good leaving groups?
• Are triflate, tosylate and mesylate nucleophilic?
• How can hydroxide and alkoxide ions (not good leaving groups) be activated by means of Lewis or Brønsted acids?
• Will a primary-substituted leaving group always follow an SN2 pathway?
• Are strong bases, such as OH −, NH 2 −, and RO −, poor or good leaving groups?
• Why are sulfate ion and p‐toluenesulfonate (tosylate ion) good leaving groups?
• How do you form #"ROMgI"# from #"RMgI"# reacting with ketones?
• What makes a molecule a good or bad leaving group?
• What is tosylate disulfate?
• What is a tosylate group?
• What does tosylate look like?
• What are tosylates used for?
• How do you remove tosylate?
• What is adenosyl methionine tosylate disulfate?
• What is bretylium tosylate used for?
• What is sultamicillin tosylate used for?
• Why was bretylium tosylate discontinued?
• Why is carbocation positive?
• Question #cbdcf
• Why are alkyl iodides MORE reactive than alkyl fluorides?
• Question #7e4f9
• Why is the tosylate anion a good leaving group?
• Question #e5998
• Question #b6c38