Nervous System

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Questions

• The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system differ in the way the nerves regenerate following injury. What is the reason for this difference?
• All nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system is part of what nervous system?
• How are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems similar?
• Which spinal segments have gray communicants? Which have white rami?
• What is the control center of the parasympathetic nervous system? What is the center of control for the sympathetic nervous system?
• Which specific nerve receptors do Beta blockers block in the involuntary nervous system?
• How is a nerve impulse propagated along the neuron and across a synapse?
• Why are detergents required to extract integral membrane proteins, but not peripheral membrane proteins?
• What is the highest dextrose concentration solution that may be administered through a peripheral vein? Why can't solutions with higher concentration of dextrose be given through a peripheral vein?
• If spinal nerve root S2 is pinched, will symptoms occur in the leg in that dermatomal pattern? Do symptoms of radiculopathy depend on whether the whole nerve is pinched or if compression only occurs in the dorsal or ventral horn?
• What is meant by cranial capacity ?
• What is the cerebral cortex?
• Is the cerebral cortex just the outer covering of the brain, or does it make up the entire brain? Is the entire brain made up of the cerebral cortex?
• What are the 3 different layers of the meninges?
• What are some effects of lesions in the cerebral cortex?
• What is the difference between the cerebrum and the cerebral cortex?
• What makes up the majority of the cerebral cortex?
• Where is the visual sensory area of the cerebral cortex located?
• Without increasing the volume of the brain, how are the number of cells in the cerebral cortex increased?
• After Paul's serious snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, is Paul is most likely to experience difficulty with communication or with his memory?
• Why is so much of the cerebral cortex devoted to sensory and motor connections to the eyes?
• Is the cerebral cortex the outermost part of the cerebrum, or are they the same thing?
• What is the difference between a heart attack and a cerebral attack?
• What are the primary functions of the cerebrum?
• Where in the brain is the hypothalamus located?
• What makes up the white matter of the cerebral cortex?
• In which cranial bone is the foramina magnum located?
• What are the functions of the motor cortex and the sensory cortex of the human brain?
• Which lobe of the cerebrum controls motor functions?
• Why does the brain have folds in it? Why is it wrinkled instead of smooth?
• What is the difference between the prefrontal cortex and frontal lobe?
• Can a person survive if a portion of the cerebral cortex is damaged or removed?
• What structures are part of the peripheral Nervous system?
• What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?
• How is the central nervous system protected from external and internal injury?
• Where does the central nervous start and where does it end?
• How does the myelination process differ in the Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
• Does the central nervous system include all the neurons of the body?
• What four structures protect the central nervous system?
• What vitamins are most essential for healthy functioning of the nervous system?
• Which cranial bone or bones border the parietal bones?
• Which types of neurons conduct nerve impulses from receptors to the central nervous system?
• If neurons in the central nervous system lack centrioles and are unable to divide, how do brain tumors develop?
• What part of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movements?
• Are peripheral nerves part of the central nervous system?
• What is a motor point in the central nervous system?
• What classification of drugs slow the central nervous system, relax muscles, and may bring on sleep?
• What is the most common neurotransmitter?
• What portion of the brain controls balance and posture?
• Which portion or portions of the nervous system contains afferent and efferent neurons?
• What structures carry information from the central nervous systems to a muscle or gland?
• What are the bony coverings of the central nervous system?
• What are six types of neuroglial cells?
• What are examples of diseases that affect the central nervous system?
• Are the effects of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic systems usually the same or are they the opposite?
• Is the reaction of "fight of flight" due to the action of the parasympathetic nervous system or the sympathetic?
• A ganglion in the peripheral nervous system can be compared to what in the central nervous system?
• Why do all animals have a nervous system?
• Is this true or false? Neurosecretory cells of our body detect changes in our environment.
• What are nerves at the roots of hair follicles to detect pain, temperature, itch, and hair movement called?
• What are the three layers of the human eye?
• When you spin around, you lose balance because fluid is spinning around in what specific part of the body?
• Do hormones travel faster than neurotransmitters?
• What are the names of three neurotransmitters and their functions?
• Are neurotransmitters expelled from the presynaptic cells? Do they tend to destroy acetylcholine?
• What neurotransmitter is associated with alcohol consumption?
• Which neurotransmitter(s) is/are involved in mood fluctuations?
• Is there one receptor site on one neuron for each neurotransmitter? Can a receptor site handle more than one type of neurotransmitter?
• What substances do the neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system contain at the first and second synapses?
• How can an action potential in one neuron cause a second neuron to be inhibited?
• Do the phrenic nerves arise from the cervical plexuses, the brachial plexus, the lumbar plexuses, or the sacral plexuses?
• Is the expected response to the triceps-jerk reflex flexion of the forearm, extension of the forearm, plantar flexion, or plantar extension?
• What is the name of the reflex in which the great toe extends upward and the smaller toes fan apart?
• Myelin is found around which part of the neuron?
• What are the names of some of the disease associated with the nervous system?
• Does the parasympathetic system slow the digestive system?
• Does the peripheral nervous system includes the nerves coming out of the spinal cord?
• Is the outer surface of a nerve impulse normally negative and the inner part usually positive?
• Is the dendrite a part of a neuron? Is the axon?
• What chemical signals allow one neuron to stimulate another?
• What is nervous debility?
• Do you people pass gas when they get nervous?
• What is the significance of myelin on neurons?
• What does the left frontal lobe of the brain do?
• What are the five lobes found in most vertebrate brains?
• What is the structure of the brain and lobes?
• How long can the brain tumor located in the frontal lobes last before resulting in death without using antibiotics?
• What part of the brain is associated with memory?
• What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
• What is the difference between a motor and somatic response?
• How do the number of chromosomes in gametes differ from those in somatic cells?
• What does somatic mean?
• How many DNA molecules are present in a human somatic cell? How does protein synthesis occur?
• What is the difference in the number of chromosomes between a frog somatic cell and a frog egg cell?
• How many chromosomes are in a sperm cell from an animal whose somatic cells have 32 chromosomes (2n=32)? If 2n=32, how many chromosomes are in a haploid cell?
• Do somatic cells go through meiosis? Do they also go through mitosis?
• In what lobe is the somatic motor cortex located in the brain?
• Are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems the same as somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
• Which layer of meninges is filled with cerebrospinal fluid?
• Is it true that your somatic cells have chromosomes just like the ones in your dad's sperm and your mom's egg, but that those chromosomes are not so similar to the chromosomes that your dad had in his somatic cells? How can this be explained?
• Are the sex chromosomes (for humans X and Y ) expressed in all somatic cells? Or just those cells of organs that are related somehow to sexual phenotype (primary and secondary sexual characteristics)?
• In normal somatic cells, what is telomerase?
• Do muscle cells undergo meiosis? What about sperm cells, germ-line cells, and somatic cells?
• What process creates somatic cells?
• Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells while mitosis occurs in somatic. What is the meaning of the word "somatic"?
• Is a kidney cell an example of a sex cell, a germ cell, a somatic cell or a haploid cell?
• What is somatic nervous system "function"?
• What is the somatic nervous system made up of?
• Why is the somatic nervous system important?
• Is hearing controlled by the somatic or autonomic nervous system?
• What is in the correct order for the general reflex arc?
• What is a motor pathway primarily concerned with volitional control of body parts called?
• What do the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system control?
• Does the autonomic nervous system, or the somatic nervous system control intrinsic eye muscles?
• Do the 12 cranial nerves (including the Vagus nerve) belong to the Sensory-Somatic or Autonomic system?
• Does a nerve impulse travel from the branches of axon to axon to cell body, or from the cell body to axon to the branches of the axon?
• How does the nervous system function in reflexes?
• How do neurotransmitters aid nervous system function?
• How does the nervous system function?
• A child was frightened by a big dog. The child's pupils became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of what branch of the nervous system?
• Why do we suffer from jet lag?
• Is autism associated with frontal lobe damage?
• Why is the temporal lobe of the brain named the "temporal" lobe?
• What lobe of the brain is responsible for vision?
• What part of the brain is the most posterior?
• What is an infarct of right and left parietal lobes of brain?
• How many parts is the human brain divided into? Is one of the parts the hind brain?
• In the human brain, which lobe gives you sense of direction?
• What is the parietal lobe's function in the brain? What is its purpose and what does it control?
• What is frontal atrophy of the brain?
• Can frontal lobe damage ever heal? Can therapy help?
• What is the specific role of the cerebrum in the function of the nervous system?
• What are the different lobes of the brain?
• What part of the brain controls common sense - the cerebrum, cerebellum, or the brain stem?
• What part of the brain makes you smart?
• How do the hemispheres of the brain function?
• What is the front, right part of the brain called?
• What part of the brain controls thinking?
• What part of the brain controls fine motor skill?
• Why is the brain's cerebrum split into two hemispheres?
• What is temporal lobe atrophy?
• Which part of brain is responsible for superstition?
• How large are the different lobes of the brain relative to each other?
• In what lobe of the brain is Wernicke's area located?
• What does the temporal lobe of the brain do?
• Where is the occipital lobe in relation to the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?
• What part of the brain does alcohol damage the most?
• In which lobe of the brain is Broca's area located?
• What are the ridges and grooves called on the human brain?
• Is there an easy way to remember the brain lobes and their functions?
• What is neuropathy?
• What organs make up the nervous system?
• How can peripheral neuropathy be treated?
• How does peripheral neuropathy affect the brain?
• How does peripheral neuropathy affect the heart?
• How does peripheral neuropathy affect walking?
• What does "peripheral" mean?
• Why is peripheral vision important?
• Why is a peripheral smear test done? What conditions does it test for?
• At the synapse, do the glands secrete hormones, do motor neurons touch sensory neurons, do negative electric impulses charge across, are chemicals released, or do the dendrites touch each other?
• Why is a chemical synaptic transmission unidirectional? Does calcium open up Ca+ channels in the bulb and Ca+ rushes in and allows for neurotransmitters to enter?
• What can I do to strengthen and grow synapses to improve my learning abiilty and memory?
• Do all synapses employ neurotransmitters?
• Rachael is observing a few slides taken from a female orangutan. She observes an ovarian slide where all the cells show chromosome tetrads in synapses. Which stage of meiosis has Rachael observed?
• Are there synapses between the nodes of Ranvier?
• When mature, do neurons lose the ability to divide? Are they composed of a soma and an axon?
• Which affects more synapses: cobra venom or acetylcholine?
• What negative effects can occur if your synapses fire faster?
• In meiosis, what phase does the chromosomes synapse occur?
• How is the heart rate controlled by the nervous system in an intact organism?
• What are the functions of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons?
• What makes up a neuron?
• What is a gabaergic neuron and how is it used?
• Do brain cells undergo mitosis? What about neurons?
• Where are interneurons, sensory neurons and motor neurons found in the human body?
• What is the difference between motor neurons and sensory neurons?
• What are the 3 types of neurons and their functions?
• How is a neuron adapted to perform its function?
• As every cell has organelles, what type of organelles are located in the neuron?
• What is the resting potential for a neuron?
• Do nerve cells reproduce in adults?
• What are the functions of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neurons for the nervous system? What does each one do for the nervous system?
• Why can't neurons be replaced?
• What kind of neuron is the most abundant in the human body?
• How do presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons work?
• The functions of neurons include what?
• How are neurons classified?
• How can neurons generate consciousness?
• How do neurons affect the body?
• How do neurons communicate with other cells?
• How do neurons differ from neurotransmitters?
• What neurons stimulate muscles to contract?
• Why are neurons amitotic?
• Why is transmission between neurons unidirectional?
• Why can't neurons divide?
• Why don't neurons regenerate?
• How is the neurotransmitter released into the synaptic gap?
• What is the fate of neurotransmitters once they have performed their function? In other words I want to know how synaptic nerve transmission is ended (3-4 fates of neurotransmitters).
• Do neurotransmitters either increase or decrease the likelihood the next neuron will fire? Are they destroyed by chemicals in the synapse?
• Neurotransmitter for release is stored in synaptic what?
• What are six different neurotransmitters and where do they occur in the body?
• Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with sleep, mood, attention, and learning? Is it acetylcholine, GABA, Epinephrine, Serotonin, or Endorphins?
• Neurotransmitter molecules move across the synaptic cleft by what process?
• Do neurotransmitters carry the nerve impulse across the synapse?
• Do dendrites release neurotransmitters into the extracellular space during nerve impulse transmissions?
• Are there 31 pairs of cranial nerves and 12 pairs of spinal nerves?
• What is the most important neurotransmitter in the brain?
• What triggers neurotransmitters?
• Do cones enable vision in dim light?
• Do neurotransmitters that bind the postsynaptic membrane generally generate a/an: local potential, action potential, resting membrance potential, or pacemaker potential?
• What does "excitatory" mean when used in relation to responses caused by synapses?
• Does the myelin sheath increase the speed of neural transmission?
• What are three transmitter substances (neurotransmitters) and their functions?
• Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the tips of what?
• Where are neurotransmitters made?
• What are the components of the thin filaments of a muscle cell?
• How do the functions of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine relate to depression? How do they cause or contribute to the illness?
• What effect does rohypnol have on the brain's neurotransmitters?
• How can neurotransmitters be excitatory or inhibitory?
• How do neurotransmitters affect depression?
• How do neurotransmitters change the action potential of a membrane?
• How do neurotransmitters communicate with postsynaptic neurons?
• How do neurotransmitters influence us?
• How does GABA differ from other neurotransmitters?
• What neurotransmitters does Abilify affect?
• Why are neurotransmitters important for brain function?
• Why are neurotransmitters released?
• Why do neurotransmitters have to be removed from the receptors?
• Why is inactivation of neurotransmitters important?
• Why is it important for neurotransmitters to be deactivated?
• What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?
• What are the basic functions of the nervous system?
• What is the function of the nervous system in animals?
• What functions of the nervous system are affected by meningitis?
• Where are Red Blood Cells, produced? What is the average life span of a RBC?
• What is the difference between ganglia and nerves?
• Does the peripheral nervous system include sensory receptors?
• What are the two major subsystems of the nervous system?
• How does central nervous system affect human behavior?
• How can the central nervous system be calmed?
• Is it possible to heal the central nervous system?
• What is the central nervous system's primary job?
• What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
• In the nervous system, what is the function of the synapse?
• How does the autonomic nervous system function in the maintenance of homeostasis?
• What is the command center of the nervous center?
• Are body functions slowed when alcohol reaches the brain, heart, stomach, or liver?
• Is the function of acetylcholine in the central nervous system to transmit impulses between neurons, prevent an action potential from occurring, slow down the transmission of nerve impulses, or to maintain a resting potential?
• Does the nervous system process food into molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body?
• What are the primary divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system?
• Why is nervous system important to human life?
• Is formation of blood cells controlled by the nervous system?
• Is a cell body a part of a neuron?
• Does the Vagus nerve belong to the Sensory-Somatic or Autonomic system?
• What are the differences and what are the similarities between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
• What is the action potential of the nervous system?
• The portion of the nervous system that controls involuntary activity is a subdivison of what part of the nervous system?
• Why is the nervous system the most important system in our body?
• What is the medical term for the eardrum?
• What could be a short definition of passive transport?
• What is the longest cranial nerve?
• Homeostasis is controlled by both nervous and endocrine systems. Compared to hormones, action of nerves could be described as which of the following? a)more effective b)more complex c)more time consuming d)more rapid
• What is 'opercularization' during embryonic development of brain?
• What are the horns of gray matter?
• What is known about the myelin sheath?
• What type of physical assessment uses the reflex hammer?
• What is gray matter a term for?
• What part of your brain makes this "fight or flight' decision for you?
• What does the amygdala do?
• What is full form of CSF?
• How does the brain understand visual information from eyes?