Solution Formation

Key Questions

• What affects solution formation?

  Answer:

  Clearly the identity of both the solute and the solvent affect solution formation.

  Explanation:

  The most common solvent is water. Why? For a start it covers 2/3 of the planet. Water is an exceptionally good solvent for ionic species, because it can solvate ions to form #Na^+(aq)# and #Cl^(-)(aq)#.

  The #(aq)# designation refers to the aquated ion; in solution this means the ion is surrounded by, or aquated by approx. 6 water molecules, i.e. #[Na(OH_2)_6]^+#. Water is exceptionally good at dissolving SOME ionic species because it can solvate ions; but some ion pairs i.e #AgCl# have little solubility in water. Water is conceived to have a partially negative central oxygen atom, bound to partially positive hydrogen atoms. This charge separation is referred to as polarity and allows ion solvation, and water is the best example of a polar solvent.

  Hexanes is a non-polar solvent. Hexanes will dissolve ethanol (#C_2H_5OH#), but not methanol (#H_3COH#). Why not?

  anor277 · 1 · Jan 2 2016
• What is a solution?

  A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

  There are many types of solutions.

  Gas in Gas

  • Air — oxygen and other gases dissolved in nitrogen.

  

  Gas in Liquid

  • Fish tank — oxygen in water.
  • Carbonated beverages — carbon dioxide in water.
  • Blood — oxygen and carbon dioxide are essential components of blood chemistry.

  

  Liquid in Liquid

  • Windshield washer fluid — methanol in water.
  • Alcoholic beverages — ethanol and other solutes in water.
  • Vinegar — acetic acid in water.

  

  Solid in Liquid

  • Maple syrup — sugar in water
  • Brine — salt in water.
  • Body fluids — complex aqueous solutions of sugar, urea, electrolytes, and many other solutes.

  

  Gas in Solid

  • Hydrogen dissolves rather well in palladium and tin.

  Liquid in Solid

  • Dental amalgam — mercury in silver, tin, and copper.
  • Hexane in paraffin wax

  

  Solid in Solid

  • Steel — carbon atoms in a crystalline matrix of iron atoms.
  • Bronze — copper and tin.
  • Brass — copper and zinc.

  

  Ernest Z. · · Apr 27 2014

• How can temperature affect the formation of a solution?
• How can the formation of a solution be exothermic or endothermic?
• How does the formation of a solution involve energy?
• How do you find heat of formation of a solution?
• Which factors promote the formation of solutions?
• Which two processes are at equilibrium in a saturated sugar solution?
• Why do solutes lower the freezing point?
• Why does solution formation require energy?
• Why do solutes dissolve in solvents?
• What solvent dissolves silicone?
• What affects solution formation?
• How does a solvent affect the solubility of an ionic compound?
• How does stirring affect the rate of solution formation?
• How does a solution differ from a heterogeneous mixture?
• How can I calculate the vapor pressure of a solution?
• How can I calculate the concentration of solution?
• How do solutes affect the properties of solvents?
• How do solutes affect osmotic pressure?
• How do solutes affect the boiling point?
• How can a solute dissolve in polar and nonpolar solvents?
• How can a solute dissolve faster?
• How can a solute be separated from a solvent?
• How does solvent extraction works?
• How does a solute differs from a solvent?
• What are some common mistakes students make with solution formations?
• What are some examples of a solute?
• What is a solute?
• What is a solvent?
• What is an example a solution practice problem?
• What are some examples of solutions?
• What is a solution?
• How do we make a #"saturated solution"# of #"sodium bicarbonate"# with a #100*mL# volume of water?
• Question #30252
• How would you prepare 250.0 mL of a 3.50 %m/v solution of #AgNO_3#?
• You want to dissolve as much carbon dioxide gas as possible into a water solution. How would you achieve the in a laboratory setting?
• What type of solution forms if 50g of #Pb(NO_3)_2# are dissolved in 100g of water at 20 degrees C?
• How many #"g"# of water are required to be mixed with #"11.75 g"# of #HgCl# in order to make a #"0.01 m"# solution?
• How would you prepare 250. mL of a 0.175 M solution of Cobalt(II) Chloride from the solid and distilled water?
• What is the freezing point of a 0.195 m aqueous solution of #K_2S#?
• How do you calculate the mass of HCI required to prepare 2.5 liters of a 0.08 molar solution of HCI?
• A common stain remover is sold in concentrated form as 3M sodium hypochlorite (#NaOCl#) You need to create 400 mms of a 0.5M solution of of sodium hypochlorite to fill a spray bottle. What volume of 3M sodium hypochlorite is needed?
• Silver chloride (#AgCI#) is relatively insoluble in water. At 25 C, #1.3 x 10^3# L of water is needed to dissolve 2.5 g of #AgCl#. What mass (in milligrams) of #AgCl# will dissolve in 1.0 L of water?
• How many gallons of a 3% salt solution must be mixed with 50 gallons of a 7% solution to obtain a 5% solution?
• A solution contains 0.3 liters of sulfuric acid. If this represents 12% of the total amount, how do you find the total amount?
• When salt is dissolved in water, water is the considered?
• How do you calculate the number of moles of potassium hydroxide that must be dissolved to make the following solution: 500 #cm^3# of 1 #mol##/##dm^3#?
• What is the maximum amount of silver (in grams) that can be plated out of 5.0 L of an #AgNO_3# solution containing 3.6% Ag by mass? Assume that the density of the solution is 1.01 g/mL?
• How many liters of a 90% acid solution must be added to 6 liters of a 15% acid solution to obtain a 40% acid solution?
• If 10 grams of AgNO3 is available, what volume of 0.25 M AgNO3 solution can be prepared?
• How milliliters of a 9.0 M #H_2SO_# solution are needed to make 0.35 L of a 3.5 M solution?
• Why are solutes generally more soluble at elevated temperature?
• Into how many mls of water should you pour 100.0 ml of 9.00 M sulfuric acid to get a 3.00 M solution?
• #Ca(OH)_2# is added to a large beaker of water. How is the solution different from the original water?
• You have 505 mL of a 0.125 M #HCl# solution and you want to dilute it to exactly 0.100 M. How much water should you add?
• Ming wants to make 5 gal. of a 6% acid solution by mixing together a 50% acid solution and pure water. How much of each solution must she use?
• In a gaseous or liquid solution, is the the volume of the solvent greater to or less than the volume of the solute?
• How many mL of a 0.100 M solution are required have #1.32 x 10^2# moles of solute?
• How much 1.7M solution of #(NH_4)_2SO_4# do you have to use so that it contains 0.230 g of the substance?
• How many grams of glucose, #C_6H_12O_6#, are needed to make 1500 mL of an intravenous D5W solution (5.0% (w/v) glucose solution)?
• Mom made a 5% bleach solution with 50 ml of bleach and 950 ml water. How much bleach should be added to this in order to obtain a 15% bleach solution?
• What is the relationship between the pOH and the OH- ion concentration of a solution?
• What volume of water is necessary to dissolve 0.010 mole of #AgCl#?
• What metal when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, gives a pale green solution?
• A student mixes 50g of sugar with 300g of water and 5g of lemon. What is the mass of solution?
• Why can't we use sodium chloride solution to get the sodium metal?
• What volumes of 50 mM #CH_3COOH# and 30 mM #NaCH_3COO# solutions are needed to prepare 2L of 20 mM acetate buffer pH 3.6? (#pK_a# for acetic acid is 4.74)
• What is the mole fraction of #KI# in a solution made by dissolving 3.4 g of #KI# in 5.8 g of water?
• A student wishes to reduce the zinc ion concentration in a saturated zinc iodate solution to #1 xx 10^-6# M. How many moles of solid #KIO_3# must be added to 1.00 L of solution? [#K_(sp) Zn(IO_3)_2 = 4 xx 10^-6# at 25°C)?
• How many grams of copper (II) chloride should be added to 1.50 Liters of water if a 2.235 M solution is desired?
• What mass of water and urea were mixed, if the mol fraction of urea is #0.0825# and #"60 g"# of solution is present?
• A chemist has one solution that is 50% acid. She has another solution that is 25% acid. How many liters of each type of acid solution should she combine to get 10 liters of 40% acid solution?
• How can you increase the concentration of a solution?
• How much water must be added to 1500 mL of a 6.0 mol/L #CaCl_2# solution to make the concentration of the resulting solution 2.0 mol/L?
• Marryam has a bottle of 5% acetic acid and a bottle of of 10% acetic acid. How much of each should she use to make 250 mL of 8 acetic acid?
• How many mL of 10.0 M HCI are needed to prepare 500. mL of 2.00 M HCl?
• Question #1b175
• How many grams of #MgSO_4# are needed to prepare 125mL 0.200M magnesium sulfate?
• How do you find the volume of concentrated 18M sulfuric acid to prepare 250mL of a 6.0M solution?
• You need to prepare an acetate buffer of pH 6.32 from a 0.800 M acetic acid solution and a 2.46 M #KOH# solution. If you have 925 mL of the acetic acid solution, how many milliliters of the #KOH# do you need to add to make a bufer of pH 6.32?
• What mass of #C_12H_22O_11# is needed to make 500mL of 0.200M solution?
• How would you prepare 500.0 mL of a 2.00 mol/L solution of HCI from a concentrated solution of 12.0 mol/L?
• What volume of 0.35M #SrCl_2#is needed to make 158 ml of 0.85M #SrCl_2# solution?
• What is the amount of energy absorbed or released as heat when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent?
• How much calcium hydroxide (#Ca(OH)_2#), in grams, is needed much produce 1.5 L of a 0.25M solution?
• How is hydrogen chloride supplied in the laboratory?
• How much water should be added to 5.00 g of KCI to prepare a 0.500 M solution?
• How would you describe the preparation of 900 mL of 3.00 M #HNO_3# from the commercial reagent that is 70.5% #HNO_3# (w/w) and has a specific gravity of 1.42.?
• How many mL of a 2.00 M NaBr solution are needed to make 200.0 mL of 0.500M NaBr?
• How do we make a #1*mol*L^-1# solution of ethanolamine, #H_2NCH_2CH_2OH#?
• When two aqueous solutions are combined the reaction forms a solid that settles solution. What is this solid called?
• How much sodium chloride can dissolve in 40 g of water at 50°C?
• Question #ef6e4
• How do you calculate the mass of lead (II) nitrate, #Pb(NO_3)_2#, necessary to make 50.0 mL of a 0.100 M solution?
• How to make a solution of KCL with specific weight of 1.3 at 15°C?
• How many grams of #KNO_3# can be dissolved in water at 30°C?
• Question #33682
• How many moles of #Sr(NO_3)_2# would be used in the preparation of 2.50 L of a 3.5 M solution?
• One antifreeze solution is 26% alcohol and another is 21% alcohol. How much of each mixture should be added to make 60 L of a solution that is 24% alcohol?
• Lisa will make punch that is 25% fruit juice by adding pure fruit juice to a 2-liter mixture that is 10% pure fruit juice. How many liters of pure fruit juice does she need to add?
• How many milliliters of water are needed to make a 0.171 M solution that contains 1.00 g of NaCl?
• A beaker contains 38.0 mL of 0.600 M NaOH solution. A few drops of litmus is added to the solution. What is the color of the solution?
• What mass of #"calcium carbide"# gives a #1*L# volume of acetylene under standard conditions?
• How many moles of #HNO_3# are needed to prepare 5.0 liters of a 2.0 M solution of #HNO_3#?
• A 0.500 L solution of 6 M HCl has to be made. How much 12 M HCI is needed?
• How many grams of #CaCl_2# can dissolve in 200 g of water at 10°C?
• Question #a91f1
• What weight of #AgCl# will be precipitated when a solution containing #4.77#g of #NaCl# is added to a solution of #5.77g# of #AgNO_3# ?
• What volume of a 0.125M #NiCl_2# solution contains 3.25g #NiCl_2#?
• What is the concentration of a 0.750 L solution that contains 52.0 g of glucose?
• How many grams of solute are needed to prepare 5.00 L of a o.250 M solution of #Ca(NO_3)_2#?
• How is a #25*mL# volume of a #1.50*mol*L^-1# solution of #"potassium permanganate"# prepared?
• How many grams of solute a contained in 2.5 liters of 3.0 molar aluminum nitrate solution?
• #(i)# What mass of anhydrous #MgI_2# is required to prepare a #400*mL# volume of #0.0250*mol*L^-1# concentration?
• How do we make a #7.5*mol*L^-1# solution of aqueous ammonia?
• What must occur in order for a solution to form?
• A 70% HCI solution has the strength of 35 mEq/mL. How many mL are needed to prepare 50 mEq?
• Question #3c767
• (a) What is the molar concentration of a concentrated solution that contains 36.00 % #"HCl"# by mass and has a density of #"1.24 g/dm"^3"#. (b) How you would prepare #"1.00 dm"3# of 0.125 mol/L #"HCl"# from the concentrated solution?
• How do we prepare a solution of potassium iodide in water?
• A sucrose solution has #rho=1.85*g*mL^-1#, and a concentration of #"1.8% w/w"#. What is its concentration?
• How do I prepare a solution of sodium nitrite with a concentration of 38.5 mmol/L?
• Is the nature of solute important when preparing a solution of a specified concentration?