Introduction to Reactions and Mechanisms

Topic Page

Questions

• Why is the product of the addition of #Cl_2# to trans-2-butene a meso compound?
• What are alkenes and alkynes used for?
• Why are alkenes and alkynes called unsaturated compounds?
• Are all alkenes and alkynes unsaturated hydrocarbons?
• Why are alkenes and alkynes more reactive?
• How can i dentify the nucleophile and the electrophile in #H-Br# + #HO^-)hArr Br^-#+#H_2O# acid–base reaction?
• Can you explain the mechanism of the reaction (step-by-step) by which the alkene + HBr is changed into an alkyl halide?
• Why are electrophilic addition reactions the characteristic reactions of alkenes?
• How are synthetic alkynes used for birth control?
• Why are alkynes less reactive than alkenes in electrophilic addition reactions?
• How do you convert Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone in exactly two steps?
• What are tarry oxidation products?
• Question #de793
• Question #e1140
• Question #d3545
• Question #1ad34
• Question #a2287
• Question #4a21c
• In the presence of acid, if a Grignard reagent reacts with a keto-ester, which carbonyl carbon would be targeted? Does it matter?
• Question #8ac35
• Question #95aae
• When should I show the stereochemistry in a structure?
• What is the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of but-2-yne?
• Write equations to show how 2,3-dimethylbutane may be prepared from each of the following compounds. (i)an alkene (ii)A grignard reagent (iii)a haloalkane (iv)a sodium alkanoate?
• Write the reaction equations of (i)2-bromo-2-methylpropane + magnesium in dry ether; (ii)product of (i) + water?
• 2-bromo-3-methylbutane , 2-chlorobutane , 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane. Name the haloalkanes which can be prepared in high yield by monohalogenation of an alkane?
• Write the equation for the preparation of a Grignard reagent using 2-bromo-3-methylbutane and name the alkane produced after its hydrolysis?
• Question #518c8
• Write the overall reaction for reaction of methyl benzoate with excess phenyl magnesium brimide in ether, followed by H3O+. ????
• Question #0af0d
• Question #22344
• Question #76b00
• Question #1f3db
• How would you write chemical equation for the decarboxylation reaction of ethanoic acid?
• Question #fd54a
• Question #8338c
• Question #db577
• Question #99359
• How do alcohols react?
• How is #"propionic acid"#, #"H"_3"CCH"_2"CO"_2"H"#, synthesized?
• Question #b239d
• Which of the following compounds is the most reactive dienophile in a Diels-Alder reaction with 1,3-butadiene, #CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2#?
• What is the synthetic importance of the Diels-Alder reaction?
• 5.0mL of cyclopentadiene and 15mL of 4 M maleic anhydride solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (maleic acid) were mixed. The product weighed 1.34 grams. What is the theoretical yield?
• Consider Diels-Alder reaction between two molecules of methylvinylketone.What product will be formed?
• Starting with 200 mg of cyclopentadiene, 300 mg of maleic anhydride and 375 mg of cycloadduct anhydride is obtained, what is the limiting reagent? Calculate the % yield for the anhydride.
• The reaction was with 5mmol of Anthracene and 5mmol of Maleic Anhydride to generate the Diels-Alder product. Why was xylene the solvent of choice?
• What is the synthetic value of Diels-Alder reaction?
• What does it mean if the Diels Alder reaction is a concerted reaction?
• Why does the reaction take place on the central ring of anthracene in a Diels-Alder reaction?
• In a diels-Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride, what side reactions can occur?
• Considering a Diels Alder reaction with Cyclopentadiene and Maleic Anhydride in ethyl acetate, ligroin - why would the reaction be so hard to occur?
• 1,3-butadiene is drawn in the s-cis (cisoid) conformation in the introduction. Is this the preferred conformation? Explain. Why is the s-cis conformation shown?
• When an adduct is formed from Diels Alder reaction of maleic anhydride and furan, what does the adduct decompose to at its melting point?
• Why do you add hexanes (after toluene) in the recrystallization of the adduct in a Diels-Alder reaction?
• What are the requirements of the Diels-Alder reaction?
• In a Diels-Alder Reaction, 3-sulfolene produces a 1,3-butadiene and a gas. What is the gas that is produced?
• In the Diels Alder reaction of maleic anhydride and anthracene, why does the initial yellow color of the reaction mixture fade during the reaction?
• What are Diels Alder reactions?
• How does a Diels Alder reaction work?
• How could you improve the yield of diels alder reactions?
• How was the Diels Alder reaction discovered?
• Is a Diels Alder reaction exothermic?
• Is the Diels Alder reaction reversible?
• What are Diels Alder reactions used for?
• What is a retro Diels Alder reaction?
• Why are Diels Alder reactions important?
• Why does furan undergo Diels Alder reaction?
• Why does indole undergo Diels Alder reaction?
• Why is the Diels-Alder reaction classified as a 4+2 cycloaddition?
• Why is toluene used in Diels Alder reaction?
• What are the uses of acid anhydrides?
• What product do you get when you react 3-bromocyclopentene with #NaOCH_2CH_3# dissolved in #HOCH_2CH_3#?
• What can I do to be able to spot synthesis intermediates and figure out steps more easily?
• What is a meta-director?
• What acid does the combination of #HNO_3 + H_2SO_4# create?
• What is an electrophile? How do you know that something is an electrophile?
• What is a specific example of an electrophile and nucleophile in a cell context?
• Of these molecules, which one is an electrophile and which one is a nucleophile?
• What makes ethanoic acid a weaker electrophile than ethanoyl chloride?
• How would these be classified: as strong/weak nucleophiles or strong/weak bases?
• Why is #Br_2# an electrophile?
• Which of these is not a nucleophile? How can you tell?
• How do you identify an electrophile from a nucleophile?
• How do you differentiate between free radical, nucleophile, electrophile, carbocation and carbanion?
• Question #73391
• Write a short note on oxidation of alcohols. What are the different reactions involved, with suitable examples?
• What is the action of 4-methylphenylhydrazine on a carbonyl group, with reaction and example?
• Give the action of the Clemmensen reduction on 2-butenal?
• How will you convert methane to the following: (a) propane (b) butane (c) methyl butanoate (d) ethanoic acid (e) ethanol?
• How will you convert methyl bromide to dimethylamine?
• How will you prepare propanamine from methyl chloride using suitable reactions?
• What are Methylated spirits?
• How do you make ether?
• What is a magnesium alkoxide?
• How can you make alkoxides?
• Why is sulfide a better nucleophile than the structurally equivalent alkoxide?
• Give the action of the Clemmensen reduction on 2-butenal?
• Write a short note on oxidation of alcohols. What are the different reactions involved, with suitable examples?
• How will you convert methane to the following: ?
• (a) How will you convert methyl bromide to dimethylamine? (b) How will you prepare propanamine from methyl chloride using suitable reactions?
• Complete the reaction: #HCN + 2H_2O -> ?# Also, how is oxamide prepared? What is the reaction for its preparation?
• Why does methanol (an alcohol) make methyl orange (an indicator) turn yellow?
• What is electrophilic aromatic substitution?
• What are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?
• How do alkanes, alkenes and alkynes differ?
• How do alkenes and alkynes differ from alkanes?
• How do you classify alkanes, alkenes and alkynes?
• Complete the reaction: #HCN + 2H_2O -> ?# Also, how is oxamide prepared? What is the reaction for its preparation?
• What is the action of hydrogen gas on cyanogen?
• (a) How will you convert methyl bromide to dimethylamine? (b) How will you prepare propanamine from methyl chloride using suitable reactions?
• How will you convert methyl bromide to dimethylamine?
• Help with these reaction questions???
• Why are alkenes unsaturated?
• Why are alkenes nonpolar?
• Why are alkenes more reactive than other functional groups?
• Why are alkenes important?
• Why alkenes called olefins?
• Why are alkenes considered to be unsaturated?
• What are alkenes and alkynes?
• What are alkenes and alkanes?
• What are alkenes used for?
• What can alkenes be used for?
• How do alkenes burn?
• How are alkenes used?
• How are alkenes obtained?
• How are alkenes manufactured?
• Are alkanes liquid at room temperature?
• How are alkenes used to make polymers?
• How can alkenes be made from alkanes?
• How can alkenes be used to make ethanol?
• Why are alkenes used to make polymers?
• How do alkenes decolourise bromine water?
• How do alkenes react to form polymers in polymerisation?
• How do alkenes react with bromine?
• How do alkenes react with bromine water?
• How do alkenes react with bromine water?
• How do alkenes react with chlorine?
• What is the expected major product/products arising from the reaction of methylpropene with dilute potassium permanganate?
• Why does alkyne and alkene undergo addition reaction whereas alkane does not?
• Which reaction of an alkene proceeds with anti-addition?
• Why do simple alkenes undergo addition reaction, instead of substitution reaction?
• How do you do addition reactions of alkenes?
• Why do alkenes undergo addition reactions?
• Why are addition reactions of alkenes exothermic?
• Explain the mechanism of the Tishchenko reaction?
• Why must we BALANCE chemical equations?
• How do you start from benzene to synthesize this aldol condensation product?
• What is the ozonolysis of alkenes?
• What happens in ozonolysis?
• What does ozonolysis do?
• How can you reverse ozonolysis?
• How does ozonolysis work?
• What is ozonolysis and its applications?
• Starting from oxo compounds, #("I")# how do you draw the mechanism for production of 9-iminofluorene? #("II")# What is the mechanism of reacting acetone with p-methylaniline in trace acid?
• In the reaction of 2-methylcyclopentadiene in #"HBr"#, which product is formed? (Hint: it should be the 1,4-addition product.)
• Question #60fd2
• What is the rate determining step in the nitration of benzene?
• Conversion Methanol to tertiary butyl cyanide?
• How to obtain phthalic acid from aspirin?
• What reagent should I use to complete the reaction? (Organic Chemistry 1)
• Ortho,para-bromoanisole + #NaNH_2# + Liquid #NH_3# =? How do you predict the product?
• Question #f4f32
• Question #1ece6
• A mixture of pentane, decane, and heptane are distilled. Which component should be distilled first?
• Can anyone help me with these cyclization questions?
• Can anyone help me with these mechanisms for the formation of spiro heterocycles?
• Question #16ebd
• Question #0814e
• Question #14bad
• Ethylene reacts to give #C_2H_4O_2#...what is the product?
• How to prepare pentabromobenzene from aniline?
• Question #74006
• Question #109b4
• Question #b00ac
• Question #f9495
• What are the differences in the reactivity of #"bromoethane"#, and #"2-bromopentane"#?
• Can anyone help name these organic compounds and draw them out as well?
• How would we perform the following chemical transformations?
• Question #a9349
• Can anyone help out in solving these 4 questions under Question 4?
• In imine formation, why are the reaction conducted at #pH=5-6#?
• Question #8862d
• Question #33b4d
• Question #2f108
• Question #d32c3
• Question #425ea
• Question #6f366
• Question #4c22f
• Compared to benzene, how reactive is nitrobenzene?
• how would I prepare 9-methylanthracene from anthrone?
• Why is isomerization endothermic?
• Question #fccd0
• What will be product(s) if ethylene glycol is treated with fuming sulphuric acid & heat ?
• Question #c5f12
• Hunsdiecker reaction follows free radical mechanism. Though 1° radical is less stable, the yield of alkyl halide follows 1° > 2° > 3°. Why?
• Why is nitrobenzene commonly used as a solvent in Friedel-Crafts acylation/alkylation?
• What would #"sodium ethyl"# give upon reaction with #"tert-butyl chloride?"#
• Question #a86c8
• Question #ed5b4
• Question #e5189
• Question #2fd77
• How does propane react with bromine under radical conditions?
• Is thiocyanate ion a test for ferric ion?
• Question #5c08c
• What is a dehydration reaction with respect to alcohols?
• How does potassium cyanide react with an alkyl halide?
• Question #c84fc
• Question #86848
• What happens if you mix acetone and chloroform?
• Question #8786b
• Question #cfa2f
• Why is diethyl ether used to extract an organic product from water at the end of a reaction?
• Question #fbce3
• Why does pyrrole undergo electrophilic substitution at position 3?
• How does #"sodium oleate"# react with #HCl#?
• How does sodium stearate #C_17H_35CO_2^(-)Na^+# form an insoluble salt with calcium ion?
• Question #1cc66
• What is the purpose of melting an organic sample with a small quantity of sodium analysis prior to analysis?
• Why is #N_2O_5# not widely used as a laboratory reagent? On the other hand, why is #P_2O_5#, and #CaO#, and #H_2SO_4# widely used?
• Question #78949
• What is meant by #"saponification"#?
• Question #bbbea
• Question #f54f3
• How do you get ethanoic acid from ethyne gas?
• A positive Seliwanoff's test is obtained with? A] Glucose B] Fructose C] Galactose D] Mannose
• What would occur if #"sodium metal"# were reacted with #"ethyl chloride"#?
• What is a dehydration reaction?
• Question #cb18e
• What is the product of the reaction between 2-bromo-2-methylpentane and sodium ethoxide in ethanol?
• Question #c2266
• Question #1d8df
• Question #7f105
• Question #47fbe
• What are the #"Wurtz"# and #"Kolbe"# reactions?
• Why are olefins preferred to alkanes in synthetic organic chemistry?
• Question #55d49
• What are the products when glycine, β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid are heated?
• Question #4f990
• Question #645c9
• What are the major products for reaction with cis-1-chloro-3-methylcyclopentane and trans-1-chloro-3-methylcyclopentane with #"OH"^(-)# in water at high temperature?
• Question #28ad9
• Question #66ea0
• How do we explain the reaction #"1,3-butadiene"# with #1*"equiv"# of #HBr(g)# to give TWO products....?
• Question #323a9
• Question #8482b
• If a #2*g# mass of #beta-"napthol"# is reacted with #"ethyl bromide"# to give a #1*g# mass of #"naptholethyl ether"#, what is the percentage yield?
• Question #5dc08
• Why is the esterification reaction of formic acid and isopropyl alcohol hard to do?
• Question #382fd
• Can you illustrate Markownikow's rule in the context of hydrohalogenation of olefins?
• How is #C_6H_11Br# made?
• How do you represent the loss of carbon dioxide from soda lime, #Na_2CO_3#?
• Question #115a7
• Question #c606f
• With what would a Grignard reagent react?
• Question #cf8f3
• Question #026cd
• How is diethyl ether prepared from ethyl bromide and ethyl alcohol?
• What are the products when but-2-enoic acid reacts with aqueous #"KMnO"_4#?
• How does base strength vary for piperidine, pyridine, piperazine, and morpholine?
• What is the product of para-sulfonyltoluene with #"Br"_2# catalyzed by #"FeBr"_3#, followed by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid?
• Given the reaction between 1-butene and chlorine gas: #C_4H_8 + Cl_2 -> C_4H_8CI_2#. What type of chemical reaction is represented by this equation?
• How can i prepare Dofetalide ?
• Is this how #"CHCl"_2^(+)# acts as an electrophile in the electrophilic aromatic substitution? I feel like I have my mechanism arrows in the wrong direction but I don't know how they should go.
• [CH3CCH in presence of H2O, H2 s o4 and mercuric sulphate] What is the mechanism of formation of intermediate and product of the reaction? ANS:The intermediate is acetone and product is propnaldehyde
• Could anybody explain why the alpha hydrogen of the Carbon of acetophenone takes part in the aldol condensation reaction and not that of the one conjoined to the phenyl ring?
• What are the characteristic of acid anhydride reaction compared to carboxylic acid reaction? Thank you